Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxytetracycline in carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L., following different routes of administration

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<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract. </jats:bold> The objective of this pharmacokinetic study was to investigate absorption, distribution, elimination and bioavailability of oxytetracycline (OTC) in carp, <jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio L</jats:italic>., after different routes of administration, OTC was administered intravenously (i.v.), intramuscularly (i.m.) and orally at 60 mg/kg body weight. OTC levels were determined in plasma and several tissues. Analysis of the plasma drug concentration‐time curves following i.v. OTC injection revealed three distinct phases. A three‐compartment open model was used to derive pharmacokinetic parameters. Compared to mammals, a very extended final elimination half‐life was observed (139.8±38.1 h). Following i.m. OTC administration, C<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> was 56.8±10.9μg OTC/ml at 14 h post‐injection. The Vd area was 2.1 ± 0.66 1/kg. Extreme differences were observed with respect to bioavailability following i.m. and oral administration; approximately 80 and 0.6%, respectively. Following i.m. injection tissue OTC determinations revealed that the drug was accumulating in pronephros, bone tissue and scales. After 21 days the OTC concentrations were 2.9±0.8, 5.2±0.3 and 4.7±3.1 μg/ ml, respectively. In tissue samples from the dorsal region (muscle), including the injection site, OTC could not be demonstrated at that time. The pharmacokinetic data are discussed in relation to the susceptibility of the immune system of fish for modulation.</jats:p>

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