<i>hrp</i> gene‐dependent induction of <i>hin1</i>: a plant gene activated rapidly by both harpins and the <i>avrPto</i> gene‐mediated signal

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<jats:p>Two classes of bacterial genes are involved in the elicitation of the plant hypersensitive response (HR) in resistant plants: <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic> genes and <jats:italic>avr</jats:italic> genes. <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic> genes have been shown to be involved in the production and secretion of a new class of bacterial virulence/avirulence proteins, including harpin of <jats:italic>Erwinia amylovora</jats:italic> and harpin<jats:sub>Pss</jats:sub> of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae</jats:italic>. The ability of <jats:italic>avr</jats:italic> genes in the elicitation of the HR/resistance is dependent on functional <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic> genes. The relationships between harpins and <jats:italic>avr</jats:italic> gene products are not known. This study investigates the plant genes induced by harpins and the effect of <jats:italic>avr</jats:italic> genes on the expression of such plant genes. A tobacco gene highly induced by harpins was isolated by a subtractive hybridization method. Induction of <jats:italic>hin1</jats:italic> by <jats:italic>P.s.</jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>syringae</jats:italic> 61 (Pss61) was found to be dependent on functional bacterial <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic> genes. <jats:italic>P. fluorescens</jats:italic> (a saprophyte) or <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic> mutants defective in the Hrp secretion pathway did not induce <jats:italic>hin1</jats:italic> significantly. A <jats:italic>hin1</jats:italic>‐related gene in tomato cv. Rio Grande‐PtoR was found to be rapidly induced by <jats:italic>P. s.</jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>tomato</jats:italic> T1 (a virulent bacterium on Rio Grande‐PtoR) containing the <jats:italic>avrPto</jats:italic> gene, which mediates the elicitation of the HR/resistance in a <jats:italic>Pto</jats:italic> plant resistance gene‐dependent manner. The induction of <jats:italic>hin1</jats:italic> by bacteria correlates with production of harpins <jats:italic>in planta</jats:italic>. The putative open reading frame of <jats:italic>hin1</jats:italic> encodes a novel protein of 221 amino acids. The data suggest that harpins and the <jats:italic>avrPto</jats:italic>‐mediated signal induce a common plant gene in the elicitation of the HR.</jats:p>

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