Histone deacetylase inhibitor but not arsenic trioxide differentiates acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells with t(11;17) in combination with all‐<i>trans</i> retinoic acid

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<jats:p>Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) with t(11;17)/<jats:italic>PLZF‐RARα</jats:italic> responds poorly to all‐<jats:italic>trans</jats:italic> retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (As<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>), in contrast to APL with t(15;17)/<jats:italic>PML‐RARα</jats:italic>. Molecular studies have shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) recruited by PLZF‐RARα is associated with the ATRA resistance. Here, we analysed <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> the differentiation of APL cells with t(11;17) using ATRA, As<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>0<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), or combinations of these. Although 1 μ<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> ATRA, which stimulated the differentiation of APL cells with t(15;17), was insufficient to induce differentiation, 3 μ<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> ATRA induced terminal differentiation into granulocytes. As<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>0<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> alone or in combination with ATRA induced neither differentiation nor apoptosis. However, the combination of TSA and 1 μ<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> ATRA had a potent differentiating effect, although TSA alone had little effect. The combination of 1 μ<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> ATRA and G‐CSF did not induce differentiation. These results indicate that APL cells with t(11;17) need a higher concentration of ATRA than those with t(15;17) to differentiate and suggest that HDAC inhibitor is a promising differentiation enhancer in APL with t(11;17).</jats:p>

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