Studies on the depth distribution and on the germination and growth of <i>Equisetum arvense</i> L (field horsetail) from tubers

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<jats:title>Summary:</jats:title><jats:p>Soil core samples taken from a sandy loam soil at Woburn during January 1972, following spring beans during the previous year, indicated that half the rhizome dry weight of <jats:italic>Equisetum arvense</jats:italic> (L.) occurred in the uppermost 25 cm of soil and 10% between 75 and 100 cm. Tubers occurred relatively more deeply with half the number and three‐quarters of the weight deeper than 50 cm. However, after a 2‐year fallow 80% of the rhizomes and tubers were in the uppermost 25 cm of soil. In general, the weight of individual tubers increased with increasing depth in the soil. In pots in the glasshouse, tubers that were formed in one season lost weight when new shoots emerged in the following year; those formed during summer germinated readily in warmth indoors when detached in the autumn, but not until June of the following year in the field. Burial of tubers at a range of depths down to 25 cm did not affect the number of shoots emerging but emergence was delayed.</jats:p><jats:p>Plants made more growth in neutral than in acid or basic soil, more in silty clay loam than in sandy loam and appeared well adapted to growth in soils with little nitrogen. In general, rhizome growth was less affected by variations in pH and nitrogen level than were shoots and tubers. Plants grown from tubers were suppressed greatly by wheat sown densely and given a moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizer but had negligible effect on the wheat. With fewer wheat plants given less nitrogen, the species partitioned more of its assimilate into tubers than when it was grown alone.</jats:p><jats:p>The significance of tubers in the biology of the species is briefly discussed and areas meriting further study are highlighted.</jats:p>

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