Design of optimized photorefractive polymers: A novel class of chromophores

DOI PDF 被引用文献3件
  • Rüdiger Wortmann
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Constantina Poga
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Robert J. Twieg
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Christian Geletneky
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Christopher R. Moylan
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Paul M. Lundquist
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Ralph G. DeVoe
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Patricia M. Cotts
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Hans Horn
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Julia E. Rice
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099
  • Donald M. Burland
    IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099

抄録

<jats:p>It is demonstrated that the microscopic mechanism of the photorefractive (PR) effect in organic composites with low glass transition temperatures involves the formation of refractive index gratings through a space-charge field-modulated Kerr effect. A tensorial formulation of the macroscopic aspects of the PR Kerr effect and its microscopic interpretation is presented. The second-order dipole orientation term containing the anisotropy of the first-order optical polarizability α(−ω;ω) is shown to yield the dominant contribution to the Kerr susceptibility χ(3)(−ω;ω,0,0). A class of special chromophores having negligible second-order polarizabilities β(−ω;ω,0) and large dipole moments μ has been identified in order to optimize this term. These chromophores are not subject to the efficiency-transparency tradeoff typically encountered with second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, providing highly transparent materials with large PR Kerr response. Contrary to previous approaches in this field, the best-performing PR polymers are then expected to employ chromophores that would be useless for second- order applications (negligible β). We report PR of the material 30% 2,6-di-n-propyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidenemalononitrile (DPDCP): 15% N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)- N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD):55% poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA):0.3% C60 as an illustration of this principle. A 100 μm thick film of this material exhibits a steady-state diffraction efficiency of η=25% and net two-beam coupling of Γ=50 cm−1 at a bias field of 100 V/μm and a wavelength of 676 nm. The macroscopic Kerr susceptibility of the material is related to molecular electronic properties of the chromophore DPDCP which were independently determined by experiments in solution and by quantum chemical calculations.</jats:p>

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