Molecular Beams of Macroions

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  • Malcolm Dole
    Materials Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
  • L. L. Mack
    Materials Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
  • R. L. Hines
    Materials Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
  • R. C. Mobley
    Bendix Research Laboratories, Southfield, Michigan
  • L. D. Ferguson
    Bendix Research Laboratories, Southfield, Michigan
  • M. B. Alice
    Bendix Research Laboratories, Southfield, Michigan

抄録

<jats:p>By means of electrospraying a dilute polymer solution into an evaporation chamber, negative macroions can be produced and a molecular beam formed by sampling the gaseous mixture of macroions, solvent, and nitrogen molecules with a nozzle-skimmer system of the Kantrowitz–Gray type. The macroion current can be detected by a Faraday cage after the light ions have been repelled from the beam by negative voltages on a repeller grid. Theoretical repeller voltages which best agree with the observed are those calculated by assuming a macroion velocity within 2% of the estimated supersonic beam velocity of 743 m sec−1. Polystyrene macroions of 51 000 weight-average amu tend to form dimers and trimers in the beam while larger polystyrene macroions of 411 000 weight-average amu appear mostly to be multiply charged single species. The results demonstrate that definite mass/charge states can be formed by the electrospray technique, that a considerable monochromatization of macroion velocities in the beam takes place, and that the macroions become highly concentrated relative to low-molecular-weight solvent and nitrogen ions during the transit time in the supersonic beam.</jats:p>

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