Nonequilibrium in Confined-Arc Plasmas

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<jats:p>The nonequilibrium behavior of argon and helium confined-arc plasmas at atmospheric pressure is analyzed in terms of a two-temperature ambipolar-diffusion model. Examination of spectroscopic data for the nonquilibrium arc shows that the free and bound electrons are mutually in equilibrium at a common electron temperature but not in equilibrium with the translational degrees of freedom of the heavy particles; the electron density in the outer portions of the arc may be as much as several orders of magnitude greater than its local thermodynamic-equilibrium value. Integration of the electron continuity equation and the electron and heavy-particle energy equations, with calculated transport properties and recombination coefficients, yields a satisfactory comparison with the measurements.</jats:p>

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