Phthalocyanine organic solar cells: Indium/<i>x</i>-metal free phthalocyanine Schottky barriers
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- R. O. Loutfy
- Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2480 Dunwin Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1J9, Canada
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- J. H. Sharp
- Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2480 Dunwin Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1J9, Canada
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- C. K. Hsiao
- Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2480 Dunwin Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1J9, Canada
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- R. Ho
- Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2480 Dunwin Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1J9, Canada
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Abstract
<jats:p>A thin organic film of polycrystalline particles of x-metal free phthalocyanine (x-H2Pc) dispersed in a polymer binder, when sandwiched between tin oxide (NESA) and indium electrodes, is shown to exhibit a strong photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic and rectification properties of In/x-H2Pc/NESA sandwich cells are reported. From the photovoltaic action spectra, the active region responsible for electric power generation was found to be confined to the metal/semiconductor interface. A Schottky barrier width of 300 Å was determined, which allows the capture of 30% of solar irradiance. An electron trap density of 3×1017/cm3 and a Schottky barrier built-in potential of 0.63 V are estimated from C-V measurements. At low voltage, the dark current in the forward direction varies exponentially with voltage: from this dependence values of 2×10−9 A/cm2 and 1.3–2.6 for the saturation current J0 and diode quality factor n are determined. At higher voltage, a super quadratic dependence of forward current on voltage indicated that current conduction is limited by an exponentially decreasing distribution of traps. At peak solar power (135 mW/cm2), a power conversion efficiency (η′) of 1.2% to transmitted light has been obtained. The transmittance of the indium electrode approached 2%. The devices exhibit open circuit voltages Voc of 0.45 V and short-circuit currents of 0.2 mA/cm2 at Air Mass Zero (AMO) sunlight. Therefore, the engineering efficiency of our device approached 0.03%. The monochromatic quantum efficiency of free-carrier generation approached 75% at low light level; this diminished to 30% at solar intensities, characteristic of a cell with large series resistance. The effect of pigment loading, cell thickness, light intensity, binder material, dye sensitization, and the nature of barrier electrode has been studied and optimized.</jats:p>
Journal
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- Journal of Applied Physics
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Journal of Applied Physics 52 (8), 5218-5230, 1981-08-01
AIP Publishing
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Details 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1361699994428501760
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- NII Article ID
- 30015876635
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- NII Book ID
- AA00693547
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- DOI
- 10.1063/1.329425
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- ISSN
- 10897550
- 00218979
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- Data Source
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- Crossref
- CiNii Articles