Review of Sonic-Boom Generation Theory and Prediction Methods

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Abstract

<jats:p>Within the past two decades, the combined contributions of scientists and engineers in this country and abroad have resulted in development of systematic and reliable methods for the prediction of sonic-boom phenomena. The prediction techniques reviewed in the present paper permit the calculation of sonic booms produced by rather complex conventional supersonic aircraft designs performing level nonaccelerated flight in a quiet atmosphere. It has been found that the calculated characteristics for a quiet atmosphere are representative of nominal conditions in a statistical sense for a real atmosphere. Basic concepts of supersonic flow analysis, for representation of an airplane as a linear distribution of disturbances and for determination of the resultant pressure field complete with shocks, are outlined. Numerical techniques for implementation of the theory are discussed briefly, and examples of the correlation of theory with experimental data from wind tunnel and flight tests are presented. Special attention is given to presentation of a simplified method for rapid “first-cut” estimation of farfield bow-shock overpressure. Finally, some problems encountered in attempts at applying the prediction techniques for the nearfield at high supersonic Mach numbers are recognized, and the need for further refinement of present techniques or the development of new systems is discussed.</jats:p>

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