Comparison of Real-Time PCR and Culture for Detection of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in Subgingival Plaque Samples

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  • Khalil Boutaga
    Department of Periodontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam
  • Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
    Department of Periodontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam
  • Christina M. J. E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Paul H. M. Savelkoul
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Abstract

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</jats:italic> is a major pathogen in destructive periodontal disease in humans. Detection and quantification of this microorganism are relevant for diagnosis and treatment planning. The prevalence and quantity of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis</jats:italic> in subgingival plaque samples of periodontitis patients were determined by anaerobic culture and real-time PCR amplification of the 16S small-subunit rRNA gene. The PCR was performed with primers and a fluorescently labeled probe specific for the <jats:italic>P. gingivalis</jats:italic> 16S rRNA gene. By the real-time PCR assay, as few as 1 CFU of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis</jats:italic> could be detected. Subgingival plaque samples from 259 adult patients with severe periodontitis were analyzed. <jats:italic>P. gingivalis</jats:italic> was detected in 111 (43%) of the 259 subgingival plaque samples by culture and in 138 (53%) samples by PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the real-time PCR were 100, 94, 94, and 100%, respectively. We conclude that real-time PCR confirms the results of quantitative culture of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis</jats:italic> and offers significant advantages with respect to the rapidity and sensitivity of detection of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis</jats:italic> in subgingival plaque samples. </jats:p>

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