Positive and Negative Selection of T Cells

  • Timothy K. Starr
    Center for Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455;, ,
  • Stephen C. Jameson
    Center for Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455;, ,
  • Kristin A. Hogquist
    Center for Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455;, ,

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<jats:p>A functional immune system requires the selection of T lymphocytes expressing receptors that are major histocompatibility complex restricted but tolerant to self-antigens. This selection occurs predominantly in the thymus, where lymphocyte precursors first assemble a surface receptor. In this review we summarize the current state of the field regarding the natural ligands and molecular factors required for positive and negative selection and discuss a model for how these disparate outcomes can be signaled via the same receptor. We also discuss emerging data on the selection of regulatory T cells. Such cells require a high-affinity interaction with self-antigens, yet differentiate into regulatory cells instead of being eliminated.</jats:p>

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