<i>Pristina silvicola</i> and <i>Pristina terrena</i> spp. nov., two new soil‐dwelling species of Naididae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from the tropical rain forest near Manaus, Brazil, with comments on the genus <i>Pristinella</i>

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Pristina silvicola</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. terrena</jats:italic> spp. nov. are described from soil samples of the primary rain forest at the Brazilian Agroforestry Research Facility near Manaus, Brazil. Living and preserved specimens were studied. The species are among the smallest oligochaetes known (1–1.5 mm long) but they are conspicuous by their brilliant, highly refractile coelomocytes. <jats:italic>Pristina silvicola</jats:italic> is also described from sexually mature specimens. Its character combination invalidates <jats:italic>Pristinella</jats:italic> as a genus separate from <jats:italic>Pristina</jats:italic>. Both genera are reunited as <jats:italic>Pristina</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Pristina silvicola</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. terrena</jats:italic>, species which lack a proboscis, share a character combination that is unique in the genus: stomach absent, first nephridia in segment VII, ventral chaetae uniform with upper tooth not longer than lower. They differ from one another in the shape of the brain and in other details of the chaetae.</jats:p>

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