Retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relationship to disease activity

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Forty‐three patients taking chloroquine for systemic lupus erythematosus were followed by one ophthalmologist over a 5‐year period. Visual field testing, color vision testing, and fluorescein angiography were performed. Retinopathy was detected in 7 patients (16%), none of whom had hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Retinal abnormalities included cotton‐wool spots in 4 patients, microaneurysms in 3, and vascular tortuosity in 4. In 4 patients, these abnormalities were associated with retinal dysfunction, measured in terms of abnormal hue discrimination. In 6 of the 7 patients, the finding of retinopathy coincided with a flare of lupus activity. In 5 patients, retinopathy improved when the disease was controlled.</jats:p>

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