The oblique behavior of low‐frequency electromagnetic waves excited by newborn cometary ions

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<jats:p>The free energy in oxygen or hydrogen ions freshly created in the solar wind stimulates low‐frequency electromagnetic waves whose growth does not always maximize at parallel propagation. Exploration of the wave vector plane discloses the frequent occurrence of islets of oblique growth unconnected to the unstable parallel modes. Contour plots of the growth rate, real frequency, polarization, and magnetic compression characterize the oblique wave behavior for large values (≥45°) of the initial pitch angle of the cometary particles. Although wave‐particle (Landau and cyclotron) resonances feed most of the surveyed oblique instabilities, some are seemingly fluidlike. The results, obtained from the numerical solution of the kinetic dispersion and wave equations, imply that newborn ions can easily excite significant oblique hydromagnetic wave activity. Cometary environments provide the adopted plasma model, but the study is helpful in the interpretation of other low‐frequency wave observations in space.</jats:p>

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