Seasonal variations of stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methane in subtropical freshwater sediments

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Abstract

<jats:p>Abstract. Stable hydrogen (δD) and carbon (δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C) isotope ratios of sedimentary methane from five subtropical Florida freshwater sites exhibited smaller, less distinct seasonal variations than previously observed in temperate sediments, apparently due to the smaller range of temperatures forcing the subtropical environments. Negative correlations observed between δD‐CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C‐CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> at these sites probably resulted from mixing methane produced via acetate fermentation with methane formed from CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. The inverse δD/δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C trends, high sedimentary gas methane concentrations (up to 80 mole%), and visual observations imply that ebullition dominates methane transport from the sediments during at least part of the seasonal cycle. Many values deviated from the main inverse δD/δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C trend such that bacterial oxidation was not indicated. The deviation may result from the reduction of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> with varying δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C under conditions of elevated H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentrations or enhanced interspecies hydrogen transfer, which may cause relatively greater hydrogen isotopic fractionation. Alternatively, the deviation may result from fermentation of autotrophically formed, <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C‐depleted acetate. Differences in the δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C of bulk organic matter from two of the sites potentially account for about half of the difference in mean δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C‐CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> between the two sites. In other cases, however, the immediate methanogenic precursor (e.g., acetate versus CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) appeared to be the major determinant of methane stable isotopic composition.</jats:p>

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