The effect of lead content on the critical current density, irreversibility field, and microstructure of Ag-clad Bi<sub>1.8</sub>Pb<sub><i>x</i></sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub> tapes

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<jats:p>We studied the effect of lead content (<jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.20−0.40) on the critical current density <jats:italic>J<jats:sub>c</jats:sub></jats:italic> (0 T, 77 K), irreversibility field <jats:italic>H</jats:italic>* (77 K), and microstructure of monocore, Ag-clad Bi<jats:sub>1.8</jats:sub>Pb<jats:sub><jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Sr<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Ca<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Cu<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub><jats:italic>y</jats:italic></jats:sub> (2223) tapes, finding that tapes with lower lead contents (<jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.20–0.25) required higher processing temperatures (840 and 832 °C, respectively) to complete 2223 formation, as compared to the optimum 820 °C reaction temperature of the <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.30–0.40 tapes. We found that both the zero-field and the in-field properties correlated strongly to the phase purity with <jats:italic>J<jats:sub>c</jats:sub></jats:italic> (0 T, 77 K) reaching a maximum of ˜20 kA/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.30, and then decreasing with increasing lead content to ˜12 kA/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.40. <jats:italic>H</jats:italic>* (77 K) increased from ˜165 mT at <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.20 to ˜265 mT at <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.30, then declined to 195 mT at <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.40. Optimizing the lead content at <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.30 maximized both the connectivity and the flux pinning contributions to the critical current density.</jats:p>

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