局地高気圧あ発生・発達の特性

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タイトル別名
  • GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL ANTICYCLONES IN JAPAN
  • キョクチ コウキアツ ノ ハッセイ ハッタツ ノ トクセイ

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In order to clarify the generation and development of the local anticyclones in Japan, their occurrence was' studied statistically at first. Except for the Seto Inland Sea region, the local anticyclones appear in the regions under similar topographical environments, such as the interior basins and valleys having elevation of at least 100 meters above sea level. Detailed case studies of the local anticyclones in the Takayama and Obihiro regions were secondly carried out. The former region was chosen, because special observation data are available and the latter region has several climatological stations. These case studies made clear that pressure at the stations increased in accordance with accumulation of cold air in the basin, resulting in the development of the local anticyclone. Now, assuming the atmosphere is polytropic, and that then the air up to Z f is cooled, the air pressure at the ground po increases Δpo. That is, <br> _??_<br> where po is air pressure at the ground, To is air temperature at the ground, zf is height of the air layer near the ground to be cooled, R is gas constant for air. Δpo obtained by the equation (4) agrees to the values obtained by the observations.<br> Under two types of synoptic conditions, the accumulation of cold air occurs frequently. The first type is seen in association with the front sector of the migratory high pressure system. In this case, a pool of cold air caused by intense radiation cooling was formed in the basin. The second type occurs when cyclone is passing over the Sea of Japan and the region of local anticyclogenesis is located under the influence of warm air advection. The cold air is trapped topographically in the basin surrounded by the mountains.<br> Finally, the relationship between the topography of the basins and the generation and development of local anticyclones was studied. Since the numbers of sample are small, it is difficult to conclude it with high reliability, but there is an indication that the shape and scale of basins has close correlations to the generation frequencies of local anticyclones over the basin. This shows that there is a tendency for the high generation frequencies of local anticyclones over the basin, if the local topography of a given basin is favorable for collecting cold air.

収録刊行物

  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 53 (5), 301-316, 1980

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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