脳神経の局所的磁気刺激による脳機能推定

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  • Mechanism of Orientation of Stimulating Currents in Magnetic Brain Stimulation
  • ノウ シンケイ ノ キョクショテキ ジキ シゲキ ニ ヨル ノウ キノウ スイ

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Functional maps of the human motor cortex related to the hand and foot areas have been obtained by a method of focal magnetic stimulation of the brain. We have obtained that an optimal direction exists for currents to flow in order to produce neural excitation in all functional areas of the cortex examined. We also observed that the functional maps of the brain vary according to the orientation of the stimulating currents. This study focuses on the mechanism which is responsible for producing this anisotropic response to brain stimulation. We investigate how optimal directions of stimulating current vectors change at different points in each fuctional area in the cortex and develope a model of neural excitation elicited by magnetic stimulation. The model is based on the assumption that a nerve axon is mostly excited when the magnetically induced eddy currents flow in the direction in parallel to the nerve axon. The validity of the model is verified by experiments using peripheral nerve-muscle systems in humans and frogs. The model explains our observation that the orientation of the induced current vectors reflect both the functional and anatomical organization of neural fibers in the brain.

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