植物による大気汚染物質の収着に関する研究

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Studies of Air Pollutant Sorption by Plants
  • ショクブツ ニヨル タイキ オセン ブッシツ ノ シュウチャク ニカンスルケン
  • (II) Sorption under fumigation with NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> or NO<sub>2</sub>+O<sub>3</sub>
  • (II) NO<sub>2</sub>,O<sub>3</sub>あるいはNO<sub>2</sub>+O<sub>3</sub>暴露下における収着について

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In order to investigate NO2 and O3 sorption by plants during exposure to NO2, O3 and NO2+O3 which are the principal gaseous pollutants, sunflower plants were fumigated with the pollutants in an environmental control chamber. The time courses of sorption rate, transpiration rate and leaf temperature were measured during fumigation, and the sorption processes were discussed by the use of a simplified model. The results obtained are as follows.<br>(1) The stomatal closure and the appearance of visible leaf injury by fumigation with a single gas (NO2 or O3) and a mixed gas (NO2+O3) were observed. The degrees of the appearance of these phenomena were related to the gas concentration, and the degree of injury increased with increasing gas concentration. The degree of injury is also related to the kind of pollutant. In the case of fumigation with NO2 or O3, the NO2 concentration at which the phenomena began to appear was about ten times higher than that for O3. In the case of fumigation with NO2+O3, the phenomena appeared at the concentrations of NO2 and O3 below which the phenomena did not appear during exposure to a single gas (NO2 or O3). The results obtained here may indicate one of the synergistic effects of air pollutaons. The degree of injury for NO2 and O3 on the stomatal closure and the appearance of leaf injury, was distinctly in the order of O3>SO2>NO2.<br>(2) The relations between Q/w′ and Pa during fumigation with a single (NO2 or O3) or a mixed gas (NO2+O3) were expressed by equations of QNO2/w′≅1.4×10-3·PaNO2, and QO3/w′≅.5×10-3·PaO3, where QNO2 and QO3 are sorption rates of NO2 and O3, w′ transpiration rate divided by the water vapor pressure differences between gas-liquid interface in the leaf and the atmosphere, and PaNO2 and PaO3 gas concentration of NO2 and O3 in the atmosphere. These relations were independent of the gas components used for fumigation and the appearance of visible leaf injury. These empirical equations corresponded to those which were derived by using a simplified model, Q/w′=(kw/kg·kr)·(Pa-Pl) at Pl=0 volppm, where Pl is gas concentration at gas-liquid interface in the leaf, kr the ratio of gas diffusive resistance to that for water vapor, kw a constant; 1.05×106 mmHg·cm3·g-1, and kg a constant; 5.40×108 (NO2) or 5.18×108 (O3) volppm·cm3·g-1. The calculated values of kw/kg·kr were coincident with the coefficients of Q/w′ and Pa From the results mentioned above, it was concluded that the NO2 and O3 concentrations at the gas-liquid interface in the leaf are considered to be zero, and the NO2 and O3 sorption rates can be explained by factors such as boundary layer and stomatal resistances, which are related to gaseous diffusion.

収録刊行物

  • 農業気象

    農業気象 35 (2), 77-83, 1979

    日本農業気象学会

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