Value of CMT as a Color Sense Test for Use in Schools

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  • Takayanagi Yasuyo
    Hongo Ophthalmologic Clinic, Ophthalmologic School Doctors Association of Nagoya City
  • Miyao Masaru
    Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University
  • Furuta Masashi
    Department of School Nursing and Health Education, Aichi University of Education

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Other Title
  • 教育用色覚検査としてのCMTの有用性
  • キョウイクヨウ シキカク ケンサ ト シテ ノ CMT ノ ユウヨウセイ

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Abstract

<p>　The color vision test was deleted from school health checks in April 2003 in Japan, but there remains a need to know which children will require special color consideration in classroom activities. The Color Mate Test（CMT）was developed specifically to test for such needs, but the Ishihara Color Charts and the Farnsworth D-15 Test（Panel D-15 Test）continue to be used with greater frequency. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the CMT through comparison with other color vision tests.</p><p>　Study I: The subjects were 1,017 students（915 boys, 102 girls）who made mistakes in reading the Ishihara Test Charts when they were second year middle school students in 2000 and 2001, and later underwent secondary tests by the Nagoya City Board of Education. These students were dichotomized into pass or fail groups according to their Panel D-15 results. Students in the fail group were further classified as protan（P; red color deficiency）or deutan (D; green color deficiency). The Panel D-15 pass group misread an average of 0.57 cards on the CMT, while the P group misread 1.85 cards, and the D group misread 1.75 cards.</p><p>　Study II: The subjects were 47 males（age: 29.9 ± 16.9 years; mean ± SD）who underwent a detailed color vision examination between April 2005 and June 2009. Two kinds of color naming test（using color pencils and colored electric wires）were given to test for color discrimination problems in daily life. Using a standard of whether or not all the colors were named correctly in the respective tests, the color sensitivity and specificity were obtained with the CMT and Panel D-15. In the relationship between the CMT test and color naming mistakes, sensitivity was 100％ and specificity was 43％ with the color pencils, and sensitivity was 100％ and specificity was 42％ with the electrical wires. In a similar analysis with the results of the Panel D-15, sensitivity was 100％ and specificity was 27％ for color pencils, and sensitivity was 88％ and specificity was 21％ for colored wires.</p><p>　These results indicate that CMT is the most accurate measure of color discrimination ability in daily life, followed by the Panel D-15. The Ishihara test should be considered unsuitable for evaluating color discrimination ability in daily life. When there is a need to evaluate real-life color discrimination ability, evaluations using common colored objects are the most appropriate way to do this.</p>

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