日本語における遊離数量詞と先行詞の意味関係について

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  • Semantic Relationships between Floating Quantifiers and Their Host Noun Phrases in Japanese
  • ニホンゴ ニ オケル ユウリ スウリョウシ ト センコウシ ノ イミ カンケイ ニ ツイテ

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Quantifier float (Q-float) in Japanese has been drawing the interest of linguists since the late 1960s. Early studies on floating quantifiers (FQs) were mainly concerned with the syntactic treatment of FQs, namely the question of how to deal syntactically with the variation in the location of FQs. After four decades of addressing this question, recent syntactic analyses of FQs have led to two confliciting views: one is that FQs are the result of the movement of their host NPs (i.e. NPs that FQs are associated with); and the other is that FQs are base-generated, like adverbs. Another trend in the study of FQs is concerned with their semantic and pragmatic properties, such as the interpretation of Q-float sentences, the semantic relationship btween FQs and their host NPs and the discourse function of FQs. Semantic studies of FQs date back to Muraki (1974) and Inoue (1978), both of whom observed that the definiteness of host NPs of FQs affects the interpretation of Q-float sentences. Because the main purpose of those studies was to argue against movement analyses of FQs, it was sufficient for them to show that Q-float sentence and non-Q-float counterparts are different in the interpretation of GQs. Thus, the study of the semantics of FQs did not develop further. The purpose of this paper is to examine the semantic relationship between FQs and their host NPs. I argue that there are two possible semantic relationships between them: group-member relations and kindinstance relations. The interpretation depends on the boundedness of host NPs. I also review Tanaka's (2000b) observation that an FQ is not permitted when its host NP is modified by a relative clause whose logigal relationship to the main clause is that of reason. I will attempt to explain the origin of the semantic restriction.

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