RESEARCH OF ANCESTRAL HALL ARCHITECTURE IN HUIZHOU AREA, CHINA

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  • ZHANG Yeqian
    Dept. of Production and Construction Engineering Course, Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology
  • SUGINO Noboru
    Dept. of Architecture, Aichi Institute of Technology
  • SAWADA Takiji
    Dept. of Architecture, Aichi Institute of Technology
  • CAO Yi
    Dept. of Production and Construction Engineering Course, Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology

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Other Title
  • 中国・徽州地方の宗祠建築の研究
  • 中国・徽州地方の宗祠建築の研究 : 歙県を中心とする宗祠遺構の空間構成
  • チュウゴク ・ キシュウ チホウ ノ ソウシケンチク ノ ケンキュウ : キュウケン オ チュウシン ト スル ソウシイコウ ノ クウカン コウセイ
  • 歙県を中心とする宗祠遺構の空間構成
  • The spatial structure of Ancestral Hall remains in She County

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Abstract

 In this research, about Ancestral Hall Architecture in She County, formation and division of Ancestral Hall in Lineage Settlements, further spatial structure and architectural qualities of Ancestral Hall Architecture has been investigated. The result is summarized as follows.<br> I. About lineage settlements, according to inflow of immigrants, single-lineage and multi-lineages these two types of villages existed from Tang and Song dynasty until Ming dynasty. In both types villages, Ancestral Hall for worship Lineage First Ancestor or First Immigration Ancestor, Branch-Ancestral Hall for worship The Ancestor of A branch, Worthies-Shrine for worship specific person, lot of these Ancestral Hall Architectures have been built, and some of remains in country side were left.<br> II. About Ancestral Hall Architecture, when entering the Ming Dynasty, because inheritance and branching of lineages and dispersion of the Lineage Settlements to neighboring areas, Total-Ancestral Hall, Head-Ancestral Hall, Major Branch-Ancestral Hall, Minor Branch-Ancestral Hall and Family-Ancestral Hall has been created, they can be classify into four types which is Ancestral Hall System (Total-Ancestral Hall, Head-Ancestral Hall), Branch -Ancestral Hall System (Branch-Ancestral Hall, Major-Branch-Ancestral Hall, Minor-Branch-Ancestral Hall), Family-Ancestral Hall System and Worthies-Shrine System.<br> III. About Ancestral Hall Architecture, in Ming and Qing dynasty ling up Entrance-hall, Sacrificial-hall, Memorial-hall and Courtyard to creating one space-unit called JIN, the Basic type 3JIN-type was formed. Once more, from small type 1JIN3KEN to large type 5JIN7KEN various types appeared in same time. After, Ancestral Hall System using 3JIN5KEN, Branch-Ancestral Hall System and Family-Ancestral Hall System using 3JIN3KEN or 2JIN3KEN, plane format follow Ancestral Hall Architecture's classify became to settle. From these scale and size, scale of building can be change by increase and decrease number of depth (JIN) and intervals between two pillars (KEN). And, compare Ancestral Hall Architecture in Ming and Qing dynasty, remains in Ming dynasty were larger, in Qing dynasty both of Ancestral Hall and Branch-Ancestral Hall using relatively smaller scale of plane format than Ming dynasty. The reason is in Ming Dynasty Ancestral Hall Architecture was built only by powerful lineage, but in Qing dynasty Ancestral Hall Architecture was built by branched lineage more than powerful lineage.<br> IV. About Frame format, because Entrance-hall Sacrificial-hall and Memorial-hall constitute Ancestral Hall Architecture are using common, constructive structure is same no matter scale is large or small. Format of Entrance-halls have including Side-side Space, Wall-side Space, Side-central-side Space. Sacrificial-halls have including Side-central-side Space, Side-central-side-side Space. Memorial-hall constitute by Side-central-side Space. Most of Side and Central Space using Post & Lintel Construction by Central-bay sectional view, and Mix-construction which combining Post & Lintel Construction and Column & Tie Construction's feature has been used by Side-bays sectional view. Central pillar, KOYAURA is hanging over the ceiling, and Bracket Sets or Decorative Brackets has been used on Eave Column. Besides, by using Less-column-made or Shift-column-made in front or back colonnade of Entrance-hall, Sacrificial-hall and Memorial-hall, high continuity space can be created by Central-yard.

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