The Universal and the Language-Specific in the Construction of Gender － A Comparative Semiotic Study －

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My paper intends to touch upon two different levels of the same subset of social phenomena. On the one hand it tries to diachronically trace back the emergence of ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ to the very inception of what came to be called ‘human civilisation’, and on the other hand - though rather perfunctorily - it synchronically lays bare the nature, structure and major shades of the institution ‘gender’ in the present-day Turkish language and compares and contrasts these findings with the corresponding data resulting from sociological and sociolinguistic research of western provenance. In the first half of the paper a sketch of ‘humanness’ and ‘human civilisation’ in connection with and on the basis of ‘manhood’ and ‘womanhood’ is made, wherewith it is demonstrated that the civilisation of men and women is in the main founded on a phallic, phallocentric dichotomy which underlies the rise and perpetuation of the institutions ‘man’ and ‘woman’ and wherein the parameter ‘phallus’ operates self-referentially. This line of reasoning reveals furthermore that the supremacy of the phallus materialises not until the ‘woman’ is constructed, that, in other words, both the ‘man’ and his ‘dominance’ are existentially dependent on the construction and reconstruction of ‘woman’. To a certain extent the first half is a draft of what could be called “a general semiotics of ‘gender’ embedded in a reconstructed universal history of ‘human civilisation’”. The second half could then - in connection with and in contrast to the first half - be named “a comparative local semiotics of ‘gender’ in the vernacular of modern-day Turkey”. In this section the linguistic manifestations of the basic phallic dichotomy and its sub-types peculiar to the modern Turkish language are thrown light upon and compared with corresponding linguistic phenomena in European languages.

多文化社会研究, 6, pp.31-44; 2020

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