近代的衞生行政體制と「地方自治」のはざま --世紀轉換期の香港における潔淨局をめぐる議論--

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タイトル別名
  • Between the Modern Administration of Public Health and “Muncipality” : The Controversy over the Re-constitution of the Sanitary Board in British Hong Kong from Late 19th Century to Early 20th Century
  • キンダイテキ エイセイ ギョウセイ タイセイ ト 「 チホウ ジチ 」 ノ ハザマ : セイキ テンカンキ ノ ホンコン ニ オケル ケツジョウキョク オ メグル ギロン
  • 近代的衛生行政体制と「地方自治」のはざま --世紀転換期の香港における潔浄局をめぐる議論--

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抄録

This paper clarifies how the Hong Kong Government established a modern centralized sanitary administration from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, as well as how the issue was disputed by the people in Hong Kong. Although many colonial histories have been based on the dichotomy between the modern western colonizer and the pre-modern indigenous colonized, this paper regards the arguments among the government, colonial bureaucrats, western citizens and Chinese elites as a conflict between the centralized administration of the government and “Municipality” (地方自治) within the Sanitary Board (潔淨局), which was organized in 1883 to address issues of sanitation in Hong Kong. The Sanitary Board was one of the most vital institutions for western citizens and Chinese elites. They regarded the Board as an autonomous governing body like those in the cities of Britain or in other colonies of the British Empire. After the bubonic plague in 1894, the Hong Kong Government regarded the Chinese community as a hotbed of the disease and tried to establish a centralized sanitary administration. As a result of the amendment of the Public Health and the Buildings Ordinance of 1903, the Government appointed a colonial official known as the Principal Civil Medical Officer, to be the head of the Sanitary Department (潔淨署) and the president of the Sanitary Board, thus putting the Sanitary Board under the control of the Government. One of my arguments in this paper is that western citizens and Chinese elites transcended their ethnic divisions to cooperate with each other to protect their own interests. Both western and Chinese property owners, who were forced to bear the financial burden to improve the sanitary condition in their properties, criticized the government sanitary administration. The report of the commission of enquiry into the sanitary administration organized in 1906, which was composed of the unofficial members of the Sanitary Board, demanded the municipal autonomy of the Sanitary Board to protect their economic interests and liberty. Though the Government wished to appoint a new administrative head, the autonomous local body would not permit it. Moreover, unofficial members of the legislative Council (立法局) who demanded improvement in sanitation also denied there was local autonomy and claimed that the Government should bear the responsibility for improving sanitation. Another consideration addressed in this paper is how governors, colonial bureaucrats, western citizens and Chinese elites, tended to compare Hong Kong with cities in Britain, other colonies and settlements, and how they utilized both the universality of the British Empire and the local specificity of Hong Kong to gain control of jurisdiction over public health. property owners tried to legitimize the obtaining municipal autonomy by comparing Hong Kong with Britain. However, the colonial bureaucrats and those who sought improvement in sanitary conditions usually emphasized the local specificity of Hong Kong and regarded property owners as not being suitable, public-spirited citizens.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋史研究

    東洋史研究 79 (1), 1-34, 2020-06-30

    東洋史研究会

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