Shell Color Polymorphism in Populations of the Intertidal Gastropod Nerita plicata (L., 1758) from the Cook Islands

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The gastropod Nerita plicata is widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific Ocean’s upper intertidal zone and exhibits shell color polymorphism. This study examined Nerita plicata’s shell color diversity according to substrate type (i.e., basalt or beach rock). This study was performed on the Rarotonga (in August 2008 and August 2018) and Aitutaki (September 2009) Islands, which belong to the Cook Islands. Three different shell color morphs (fully white, partially black-spotted, and fully black-spotted) were recorded on basalt and beach rocks with a different frequency of distribution in the two habitats. The frequency of shell color distribution in N. plicata is closely related to the type of habitat, with white shells occurring more frequently in the light-colored beach rocks than in the dark-colored basalt rocks. The relationship between shell color polymorphism and environmental and genetic factors is discussed in this study, as well as the possible role of humans in habitat changes that drive shell color polymorphisms.

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