Development of a Low-Temperature Insert for Precise Magnetization Measurement below T=2K with a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Magnetometer

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Abstract

<jats:p> We have developed a 9-mm-diameter <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>He insert for precise magnetization measurements below <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> = 2 K that is attachable to a commercial superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The insert is made from a thin-walled stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of 6.2 mm, which determines the maximum sample size. <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>He gas is condensed in the pipe, which is liquefied by <jats:sup>4</jats:sup>He gas at <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ∼1.8 K generated by the magnetometer via the heat exchanger of a Cu vacuum jacket with an outer diameter of 8.6 mm soldered to the stainless steel pipe. The temperature of the insert is decreased to <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ∼0.5 K by evacuating liquid <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>He using a rotary pump and then to <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> = 0.36 K with a sorption pump. From the diamagnetization signal of a superconducting Al chip with a mass below 0.1 mg, the magnetization resolution with the insert is confirmed to be less than 10<jats:sup>-7</jats:sup> emu. To examine the performance of the insert, we measured the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization for Pr<jats:sub>0.6</jats:sub>La<jats:sub>0.4</jats:sub>Ag<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>In down to <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> = 0.4 K. </jats:p>

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