河童信仰の司宰「那羅延坊」とは何者か －尼御前、渋江家との関係を問う

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タイトル別名
  • Who and what is Naraemboh ? －Rethinking the relations among the top three masters of kappa, Naraemboh, Amagoze, and the Shibues
  • カッパ シンコウ ノ シサイ 「 ナラエンボウ 」 トワ ナニモノ カ : ニ ゴゼン 、 シブエカ ト ノ カンケイ オ トウ

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抄録

Amagoze, Naraemboh, and the Shibues are the top three masters of kappa, the most popular mythical water-monster in Japan. Amagoze and the Shibues often appear in historical documents, while Naraemboh was little known before being cited by Yanagita Kunio in his Kappakomahiki （1914）, the kappa study bible, as one might put it. 　Mori Haruki, a scholar of the Japanese classics, referred to Naraemboh first in his book Houshoudan （or Yomogiudan）. In his version, an Amagoze priest assured that all kappas call on Naraemboh in a group every year, changing two routes in alternate years. But this is an isolated singularity. Besides, he describes the story as a discourse about his personal experience. 　The same Naraemboh story has been frequently narrated orally in the Hita basen area, which is Harukiʼs hometown. The most impressive difference between the two versions is the fact that in the oral versions Naraemboh is replaced with Shibue Teinojoh, a Confucianist and also the then representative of the Shibues, in Kikuchi, Kumamoto. 　The author infers that Naraemboh in Houshoudan should be Shibue Teinojoh in reality, or someone among the shibues, at least. It is known that, at that time, the Shibues dared to join Naraemboh monkʼs quarters belonging to the Aso mountaineering asceticism, as a maneuver to secure a polotical protection. 　As for the relation between the Shibues and Amagoze, you can safely insist that the latter owed many things to the former, as there is plenty hard evidences to back the assumption. Thus, the Shibues deserve the title of the heads of kappa worship. 　All in all, the most important contribution of this paper is discovering the feasibility of the antagonism between the two factions led by two scholars, namely Shibue Teinojoh and Mori Haruki around the magical kappa worship. The former is the then principal promoter of kappa, while the latter is the then chief of a strong semi-scientific kappa-hunting team, the operational base of which was Hita. At that time, the Tokugawa shogunateʼs central magistrateʼs office in Kyushu was located at Hita, too. 　You may witness a historic drama revealing the transformation of academic attitudes toward the long history of semi-oral （semi-literate） traditions and institutions, like the kappa cult, in Japan. Several decades before the Meiji Restoration, the drama was performed locally in Northern Kyushu, the birthplace of kappa worship.

収録刊行物

  • 人文研究

    人文研究 (204), 63-109, 2021-12-25

    神奈川大学人文学会

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