Mutagenicity and benzo (a) pyrene contents in soils in Tokyo

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  • 東京都の土砂中の変異原性とBaP含量

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Abstract

We developed a sample preparation method for mutagenicity assay of soil, and surveyed mutagenicity of soils collected in Tokyo area. Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) contents were also surveyed in the same samples.<BR>Soils were collected at 51 road-sides and parks located in various places of Tokyo in spring 1982 (industrial area, 17; commercial area, 9; residential area, 25). Fine particles in the soils were obtained by passing them through a 60 mesh sieve. Tarry matter in the fine particles was extracted ultrasonically with benzene-ethanol (3: 1, v/v) and dried under a reduced pressure. The tarry matter was sterilized by ethanol and dried again under a reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in a small amount of ethylether. The resulting solution was stirred well after addition of a known amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then ethylether was evaporated completely at a low temperature under a reduced pressure. These processes were essential for the elimination of interfering factors in the mutagenicity assay. Mutagenicity of the DMSO solution thus obtained was measured by the pre-incubation method using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA98 stains with and without S-9 mix. BaP contents in the soil samples were measured by the method which consisted of ultrasonic extraction, one-dimentional dual band thinlayer chromatography and spectrofluorometry.<BR>Many soil samples showed positive response for the mutagenicity assay: number of samples showed positive response in the 51 soil samples was 25 for TA100 strain with S-9 mix, 0 for TA100 strain without S-9 mix, 46 for TA98 strain with S-9 mix and 44 for TA98 strain without S-9 mix. Number of soil samples which showed positive response for at least one of these 4 tests system was 49 out of 51 samples tested. Mutagenic activity was not so differed in the sampling areas. BaP contents in the soil were ranged from 191 to 282 ng/g, soil and not so differed in the sampling areas. Furthermore, BaP contents (μg/g, tar) were correlated well with the mutagenic activity (rev./mg, tar), especially with the activity in the test with S-9 mix. These results suggest strongly that Tokyo's soil has been contaminated with mutagens which mainly come from incomplete combustion including auto-exhausts.

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