大脳皮質および大脳基底核の咀嚼運動制御における機能的意義

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  • Functional significance of cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in the control of masticatory movement

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It has been known that masticatory movement, especially during chewing, is controlled by the brain stem. However, as mastication is a sequential action from food intake to swallowing, the higher brain such as the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia is thought to be needed for the control of the masticatory sequence. In the cerebral cortex, the cortical masticatory area (CMA), to which the repetitive electrical stimulation induces the rhythmical jaw movements like masticatory movements, may be involved in the control of mastication. Based on jaw movement patterns, the CMA is divided into two parts. One is the part of the CMA in which a T-pattern similar to jaw movements during food-transport (initial stage) in natural mastication is evoked by electrical stimulation. The other part of the CMA is more dorso-medially located, and a C-pattern similar to jaw movements during chewing can be induced. The CMA is suggested to play an important role in the initiation and/or performance of masticatory movement. In the striatum, which is the input area of the basal ganglia, the ventral part of the putamen receives the input from the CMA. Furthermore, the input from the T-pattern inducing CMA is broader than that from the C-pattern inducing CMA. Neurons in the ventral part of the putamen change their firing frequency during mastication depending on the masticatory sequence, not on the masticatory cycles. Most of them alter their activities during the initial stage. From these findings, it is suggested that the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia are significant in the control of complex functions during the initial stage, and in making the masticatory sequence smooth.

Journal

  • 松本歯学

    松本歯学 31 (1), 1-9, 2005-04-30

    松本歯科大学学会

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