Long‐term variation of surface phytoplankton chlorophyll <i>a</i> in the Southern Ocean during 1965–2002

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Abstract

<jats:p>The variation in the phytoplankton biomass over a decadal time scale, and its relationship with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) and climate change, has been poorly interpreted because of the limited satellite chlorophyll <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> (chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) data compared with the physical parameters from satellite. We analyzed a long‐term chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> data set along the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) cruise tracks since 1965 to investigate inter‐annual variation of phytoplankton biomass. In the Southern Ocean, increasing trends of chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> and the spreading of higher chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> area to the north with 3–7 year cycles were found. Although relationships between the decadal change in chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> and climate change such as variation of sea ice extent and the El Niño are still obscure, large variation of primary production in proportion to the chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> is implied.</jats:p>

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