Phylogenetic Diversity, Localization, and Cell Morphologies of Members of the Candidate Phylum TG3 and a Subphylum in the Phylum<i>Fibrobacteres</i>, Recently Discovered Bacterial Groups Dominant in Termite Guts

DOI Web Site 被引用文献11件
  • Yuichi Hongoh
    Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  • Pinsurang Deevong
    Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  • Satoshi Hattori
    Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  • Tetsushi Inoue
    Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  • Satoko Noda
    Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  • Napavarn Noparatnaraporn
    Department of Microbiology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Toshiaki Kudo
    Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
  • Moriya Ohkuma
    Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Recently we discovered two novel, deeply branching lineages in the domain<jats:italic>Bacteria</jats:italic>from termite guts by PCR-based analyses of 16S rRNA (Y. Hongoh, P. Deevong, T. Inoue, S. Moriya, S. Trakulnaleamsai, M. Ohkuma, C. Vongkaluang, N. Noparatnaraporn, and T. Kudo, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:6590-6599, 2005). Here, we report on the specific detection of these bacteria, the candidate phylum TG3 (Termite Group 3) and a subphylum in the phylum<jats:italic>Fibrobacteres</jats:italic>, by fluorescence in situ hybridization in the guts of the wood-feeding termites<jats:italic>Microcerotermes</jats:italic>sp. and<jats:italic>Nasutitermes takasagoensis</jats:italic>. Both bacterial groups were detected almost exclusively from the luminal fluid of the dilated portion in the hindgut. Each accounted for approximately 10% of the total prokaryotic cells, constituting the second-most dominant groups in the whole-gut microbiota. The detected cells of both groups were in undulate or vibroid forms and apparently resembled small spirochetes. The cell sizes were 0.2 to 0.4 by 1.3 to 6.0 μm and 0.2 to 0.3 by 1.3 to 4.9 μm in the TG3 and<jats:italic>Fibrobacteres</jats:italic>, respectively. Using PCR screenings with specific primers, we found that both groups are distributed among various termites. The obtained clones formed monophyletic clusters that were delineated by the host genus rather than by the geographic distance, implying a robust association between these bacteria and host termites. TG3 clones were also obtained from a cockroach gut, lake sediment, rice paddy soil, and deep-sea sediments. Our results suggest that the TG3 and<jats:italic>Fibrobacteres</jats:italic>bacteria are autochthonous gut symbionts of various termites and that the TG3 members are also widely distributed among various other environments.</jats:p>

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