Hormonal regulation of plant growth and development

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書誌事項

Hormonal regulation of plant growth and development

edited by S.S. Purohit

（Advances in agricultural biotechnology）

M. Nijhoff/W. Junk, 1985-1987

  • [v. 1]
  • v. 2

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内容説明・目次

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[v. 1] ISBN 9789024731985

内容説明

Plant hormone research is the favorite topic of physiologists. Past three decades have witnessed that this subject has received much attention. The inquisitive nature of human mind has pumped much in literature on this subject and this volume is the product of such minds. In the following pages various hormonal-controlled physiological processes like, flowering, seed dormancy and germination, enzyme secretion, senes cence, ion transport, fruit ripening, root growth and development, thig momorphogenesis and tendril thigmonasty have been included. The volume also contains a review paper on 'Growth Regulating Activity of Penicillin in Higher Plants' and has been presented for the first time. The vast contents of each review paper have been written by erudite scholars who have admirably carried out their evangelic task to make the text up TO date. This volume, I am sure, would stimulate the appetite of researchers of peripheral disciplines of botany and agricultural sciences and they will continue to enjoy the fun and adventures of plant hormone research. Save one. my most outstanding debts are due to the rich array of the contributors and other plant physiologists specially to Prof. Thomas Gaspar (Belgium), Prof. E. E. Goldschmidt (Isreal), Prof. H. Greppin (Switzerland), Dr. K. Gurumurti (India), Prof. M. A. Hall (U. K. ), Prof. H. Harada (Japan), Dr. M. Kaminek (Czechoslovakia), Dr. J. L. Karm oker (BangIa Desh), Prof. Peter B. Kaufman (U. S. A. ), Dr. V. I. Kefeli . / (U. S. S. R. ), Dr. M. Kutaoek (Czechoslovakia), Prof. S.

目次

The Molecular Basis of Hormone Action.- The Implication of the Kinetics of Hormone Action.- Relationship between Molecular Structure and Biological Activity.- Auxins.- Gibberellins.- Cytokinins.- Ethylene.- Abscisic acid.- Terpenoids and Steroids.- Brassins.- Non protein amino acids.- Miscellaneous.- The Probable site of Hormone Action.- DNA: Auxin.- Other hormones.- RNA.- Protein: Auxin.- Cytokinins.- Gibberellins.- ABA.- Ethylene.- Biological Significance of receptors.- Lipids.- Carbohydrate.- Myoinsitol.- Amino acids.- Hormone action and Synthesis of RNA and Protein.- Nature of Cell growth.- The Primary and Fast Reactions.- Energy Implication of Hormone Action.- The Problems and Paradoxes of Hormone Action.- Hormonal Regulation of Flowering.- Hormonal Regulation of Flowering in Intact Plants: Short-day Plants, Xanthium strumarium.- Pharbitisnil.- Perilla.- Chenopodium rubrum.- Lemna paucicostata 6746.- Glycine max.- Kalanchoe blossfldiana.- Chrysanthemum morifolium.- Impatiens blasa-mina.- Other Short-day Plants.- Long-day Plants.- Silene armeria.- Lemna gibba G3.- Lolium temulentum.- Hyosyanus niger.- Rudbeckia.- Spnapis alba.- Spincia oleracea.- Arabidopsis thaliana.- Other Long-day Plants.- Cold Requiring Plants.- Chrysanthemum morifolium.- Althaea rosea.- Other Cold-requiring Plants.- Other Plants.- Ananas comosus.- Bryophyllum.- Short-long-day Plants.- Pisum sativum.- Hormonal Regulation of in vitro Flowering.- Apex Culture.- Callus Culture.- Organ Culture.- Nicotiana tabacum.- Cichorium intybus.- Plumbago indica.- Streptocarpus nobilis.- Torenia fournieri.- Other cases.- Hormones in Seed Dormancy and Germination.- The Imposed Dormancy.- The Innate Dormancy.- The Phasic Character of Germination.- Hypotheses and Generaliz?tions Concerning Involvement of Hormones in Dormancy and Germination Control.- The Inhibitor Hypothesis.- Inhibitor-promotor equilibrium.- Hypothesis on the Selective Roles of Hormones.- Metabolic Events during Dormancy Removal and Germination.- Membranes.- Nucleic acid and Protein Synthesis.- Enzyme Activation.- Mobilization of Storage Materials.- Energy Generation.- Metabolic Regulation.- Environmental Control of the Dormancy removal and Germination.- Chains of Events during Dormancy Removal and Germination.- Metabolic Events during the Cold Mediated Removal of apple Seed Dormancy.- Metabolic Events during Germination of Isolated apple Embryos Stimulated by Light.- Causal Chains leading to Growth Initiation.- Hormonal Control of Enzyme Secretion by Plant Cells.- The Mechanism of Protein Secretion.- The Control of Secretion.- Hormonal Effects.- ?-amylase from Cereal Aleurone Cells.- Peroxidases.- Hormonal Regulation of Senescence.- Some Methodological Problems.- Hormonal vs. Nutritional Theories of Senescence.- Retardents of Senescence.- Cytokinins.- Gibberellins.- Auxins.- Other Retardants of Senescence.- Promotors of Senescence.- Abscisic Acid.- Ethylene.- Correlative Changes in the Levels of Retardants and Pro-motors of Senescence.- Phytochrome and Senescence.- Mechanism of Hormonal Control of Senescence.- The Question of the Receptor Cell.- Hormonal Interactions.- Lipids and Membranes.- Respiration.- Protein Level and Nutrient Transport.- Nucleic acid and Protein Synthesis.- Other Biochemical Changes.- Chloroplast in Senescence.- Hormonal Regulation of Ion Transport in Plants.- Effect of Plant Hormones on K+/H+ Antiport.- Effects of Plant Hormones on Ion Transport in Excised Plant Tissues.- Auxins.- Gibberellic Acid.- Abscisic Acid.- Action of ABA on Stomatal Guard Cell Mechanism.- Effects of ABA on Water Transport and Hydralulic Conductivity and its Relation to Ion Transport.- Effects of ABA on Ion Transport in Excised Tissue.- Kinins.- Action of Kinins on Water Transport and Hydraulic Conductivity.- Effects on Ion Transport.- Effects of Plant Hormones on Ion Transport in Whole Plants.- Action of Fusicoccin on Ion Transport.- Possible Mechanism of Hormonal Regulation of Ion Transport.- Effects of Plant Hormones on Transmembrane Potential.- Effects of Hormones on Permeability Characteristics of Membranes.- Effects of Hormones on Ion Pump and Carrier Mechanism.- Effects of Hormones on Metabolic Processes Involved in Ion Transport.- Role of Endogenous Hormonal Level in Ion Transport.- Growth Regulating Activity of Penicillin in Higher Plants.- Chemistry and biosynthesis.- Induction of ?-amylase and Ribonuclease Synthesis.- Synthesis and Retention of Chloroplast Pigments.- Effects on Leaf Morphology, Stem Circumference and Internode Length.- Levels of Endogenous Gibberellins and Cytokinins.- Effect on DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis.- Promotion of root growth and development.- Regulation of Growth and Embryo-genesis in Cultured Carrot Callus Tissue.- Probable Mode of Action.- Conclusion.- Physiology and Biochemistry of Ethylene.- Outline of Ethylene Research.- Analysis of Ethylene.- Ethylene as a Plant Hormone.- Ethylene as a Ripening Hormone.- The Kinds of Stress Produced Ethylene.- Disease.- Physical Stress.- Autocaialytic Ethylene Formation (Ethylene Stress.- Ethylene Formation in Soils.- Biosynthesis of Ethylene.- Pre-historic age of Ethylene Biosynthesis.- Technological Innovation of Ethylene Biosynthesis.- The Non-enzymatic Approach of Ethylene Formation.- Establishment of Methionine as a Precursor of Ethylene.- Appearance of ACC as a New Precursor.- Biochemical Action of Ethylene.- Molecular Requirement of Ethylene Action.- Mechanism of Ethylene Action.- Ribosomes as a Target.- Abscission.- Chlorophyll Degradation.- Fait of Ethylene in vivo.- Conclusion.- Plant Responses to Ethylene and Ethylene Releasing Compounds.- Mode of Action of Ethylene.- Effects of Ethylene on Plant Metabolism.- Involvement of Ethylene in Plant Growth.- Ethylene Related Plant Growth Regulators.- Application of Ethylene Related Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture and Horticulture.- Stimulation of Ripening.- Stimulation of Latex in Hevea Trees.- Flower Induction in Bromeliaceae.- Abscission.- Stimulation of Germination.- Induction of Female Flowers.- Prevention of Lodging in Cereals.- Growth Inhibition.- Male Sterility.- Other Effects of Ethylene Growth Regulators.- Factors Influencing the Performance of Ethylene Plant Growth Regulators.- Outlook.- Ethylene and Other Plant Hormones in Thigmomorphogenesis and Tendril Thigmonasty.- Thigmomorphogenesis.- The role of Ethylene in Thigmomorphogensis.- Physiological Systems.- Interaction with Other Physiological System.- Ethylene Production.- The Endomembrane System.- Other Hormone in Thigmomorphogenesis.- The Role of Gibberellins.- The Role of Abscisic Acid.- The Role of Auxin.- AModel of the Involvement of Phytohormones.- Thigmonasty in Tendrils.- Hormonal Regulation of the Gravitropic Response in Pulvini of Grass Shoots.- The Grass Pulvinus and its Response to Gravistimulation.- Paucity of Lignin and Biogenic Silica in the Grass Pulvinus.- Growth Response of Gravistimulated Pulvini in Avena and Hordeum.- Cellular Basis of the Gravitropic Curvature Response in the Grass Pulvinus.- Preception of Gravity by Starch Statoliths in the grass Pulvinus.- Gravitropic Response in Grass Pulvini Treated with different Hormones.- Auxin and its Conjugates.- Effects of exogenously supplied Gas.- Ethylene.- Changes in Endogenous Hormones during Gravistimulation.- Native IAA.- Native Gas.- Ethylene.- An overall Model for Hormonal Regulation of the Gravitropic Response in Grass Pulvini.- Implication for the future.- Basic studies on Gravitropic Response in Cereal Grains and their Agricultural Significance.- Space Biology and Growth of Grasses in Near Null Gravity of outer Space.- Hormonal Regulation of Root Formation.- Factors Affecting Rooting Response.- Mechanism of Root Formation.- Plant Hormones in Relation to Air Pollution Injury.- Air Pollution and Hormonal Metabolism.- Amelioration from Air Pollution Injury by Plant Hormones.- Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth and Development: Problems and Prespectives.
巻冊次

v. 2 ISBN 9789024734351

内容説明

The dynamic role of plant hormones in regulation of plant growth and development revealed by its control of rates of metabolic processes and various related enzymetic reactions at molecular and submolecular levels is now weil established. During the course of last 35 years endless development in agricultural biotechnology has provided immense literature to understand hormone-regulated aspects of plant growth and development ; but plant physiologists all over the world are still devoting themselves and will continue for an indifinite period to disclose the mystries of this regulation. Volume I of this series has already been published and has been accepted weil. This encouraged me to edit aseries of volumes (I do not know the number) on this subject. In the following pages various aspects of hormone-controlled physiological processes Iike, Hormonal Control of pro tein synthesis in plants, Auxin-induced elongation, Hormonal regulation of abnormal growth in plants, Hormonal regulation of development in mosses, Some phenolics as plant growth and morphogenesis regulators, Plant growth regulating properties of sterol inhibiting fungicides, Hormonal regulation of sex expression in plants, Water relation and plant growth regulators, Hormonal regulation of root development under water stress, Gravity perception and responses meehanism in graviresponding cereal grass shoots, Hormonal regulation of leaf Growth senescence in relation to stomatal movement, and Chloroindole auxins of pea and related species, have been included.

目次

Hormonal Control of Protein Synthesis in Plants.- 1, Protein synthesis and the hormone action on plant development 1, Control at the translation level 5, Cytokinins in transfer RNA 5, Incorporation of cytokinins into ribosomal RNA 6, Control at the transcription level 14, Gibberellins 17, Cytokinins 21, Abscisic acid 26, Control at the membrane level 27, Literature cited 31.- Auxin-enhanced Elongation.- 37, The gene expression hypothesis 37, A summary hypothesis 40, Further research directions 42, Literature cited 43.- Hormonal Regulation of Abnormal Growth in Plants.- 45, Genetic tumors 45, Virus tumors 47, Crown gall 48, Fasciation and false broomrape diseases 49, Green ear disease of peralmillet 50, Clubroot 50, Rust galls 51, Other abnormal symptoms 5I, Insect-and mite-galls 52, Root-knot galls 54, conclusions 55, Literature cited 55.- Hormonal Regulation of Development in Mosses.- 65, Endogenous growth regulators 66, Cytokinins 67, Ethylene 68, Acetylcholine 69, Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-69, Unidentified growth regulators 69, Biosynthesis and degradation 70, Auxin 70, Cytokinins 72, Uptake and transport 73, Physiological reactions 76, Auxins 76, Cytokinins 78, Literature cited 82.- Some Phenolics as Plant Growth and Morphogenesis Regulators.- 89, Phenolics and plant growth 89, Biosynthesis of phenolics and phytohosmones 93, Phenolics and light 95, Effect of natural inhibitors on activity of phytohormones and on metabolic processes in plants 97, Conclusion 99, Literature cited 100.- Plant Growth Regulating Properties of Sterol-inhibiting Fungicides.- 103, Isopernoid pathway 103, Senescence and chlorophyll 107, Protection against stresses 108, A hypothesis 109, The future 110, Conclusion 110, Literature cited 111.- Hormonal Regulation of Sex Expression in Plants.- 115, Materials and methods 117, Effects of phytohormones and inhibitors on sex expression in dioecious plants when applied through the root system 118, Effect of different organs and phytohormones in sex expression in dioecious plants 119, Roles of phytohormones and organs in sex expression in monoecious plants 121, Effects of phytohormones and growth inhibitors, applied individually or in combination 123, Biological activities of cytokinins and gibberellins in dioecious plants 124, General idea of sex expression in dioecious and monoecious plants 126, Regulation of sex expression in isolated embryo of hemp 127, Effects of phytohormones and inhibitors of nucleic acids and protein metabolism on sex expression in hemp 128, Immunodiffusional analysis the apices of male and female plants 129, Conclusion 130. Literature cited 140.- Water Relations and Plant Growth Regulators.- 151, Abscisic acid 152, Auxins and ethylene 157, Cytokinins 160, Gibberellins 164, Conclusion 164, Literature cited.- Hormonal Regulation of Root Development Under Water Stress.- 171, Root growth hormones 171, Physiology of adventitious root formation 173, Exogenous hormonal application 173, Influence of irradiance 174, Water relations 177, Interaction between water stress and irradiance level 179, Possible involvement of ABA and ethylene in the adventitious root formation in the stress cuttings 181, Conclusion 183, Literature cited 184.- Gravity Perception and Response Mechanism in Graviresponding Cereal Grass Shoots.- 189, Gravity perception 189, Which pulvini are capable of responding to gravistimulation ? 189, When is upward bending first initiated in cereal grass leaf-sheath pulvini? 190, Does the upward bending response in the cereal grass leaf-sheath pulvinus require an optimum weight of tissue to be present beyond the pulvinus? 191, Mechanism of upward bending response 192, Methods of proteins analysis and enzyme activity assays 193, What protein change in response to gravistimulation 194, What changes occur in enzyme activities following gravistimulation of barley shoots? 194, Cascade of events that could explain the mechanism of negative gravitropic curvature in cereal grass shoots 197, Literature cited 199.- Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Growth Senescence in Relation to Stomatal Movements.- 201, Leaf growth of dicotyledoneous plants 202, Some earlier studies 202, Influence of Hormones on leaf cell enlargement 202, Fusicossin-stimulated leaf growth 203, Light-stimulated leaf growth 203, Leaf senescence in darkness 205, Changes in chlorophyll and protein content 205, GA-delayed leaf senescence 206, Leaf senescence in light 207, Hormonal regulation of stomatal movement 209, Some general considerations 209, Phytohormone-mediated stomatal movements 210, Conclusions 212, Literature cited 214.- The Chloroindole Auxins of Pea and Related Species.- 221, Chloroindole isolation 221, Chemistry 223, Occurrence 223, Determination 225, Biological activity 227, Analogue activity 230, Biosynthesis 231, Biological role 231, Literature cited 232.

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