The Handbook of political behavior

著者

書誌事項

The Handbook of political behavior

edited by Samuel L. Long

Plenum Press, c1981

  • v. 1
  • v. 2
  • v. 3
  • v. 4
  • v. 5

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注記

Includes bibliographies and indexes

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

v. 1 ISBN 9780306406010

内容説明

On Revolutions That Never Were "If you want to understand what a science is," the anthropologist Clifford Geertz (1973, p. 5) has written, "you should look in the first instance not at its theories or its findings, and certainly not at what its apologists say about it; you should look at what the practitioners of it do. " If it is not always possible to follow this instruction, it is because the rate of change in scientific work is rapid and the growth of publications reporting on this work is great. It is therefore the task of a handbook, like this Hand- book of Political Behavior, to summarize and evaluate what the practi- tioners report. But it is always prudent to keep in mind that a handbook is only a shortcut and that there is no substitute for looking directly at what the practitioners of a science do. For when scientists are "at work" (Walter, 1971), the image of what they are doing is often quite different from that conveyed in the "briefs" that, in their own way, make a hand- book so valuable that we cannot do without it. These reflections set the stage.

目次

1 Political Psychology: a Whig History.- Some Intellectual Predecessors of Political Psychology.- The Dawn of Modern Psychology.- Wilhelm Wundt.- William James.- Psychoanalysis and the Instincts.- William McDougall.- Behaviorism.- Political Psychology Emerges in the Twentieth Century.- Graham Wallas.- Harold Lasswell.- Junius Flagg Brown.- The Lasswellian Era: 1930-1950.- B. F. Skinner: Radical Behaviorism.- Focus on the Child.- Attitudes.- Psychology and Social Issues.- Kurt Lewin.- Learning Theory and Psychoanalysis.- Need Hierarchy Theory.- Authoritarianism and Alienation: The 1950s.- Criticism of the Authoritarian Personality.- Personality and Ideology.- Riesman and Erikson.- Social Psychology.- Hyman's Political Socialization.- The New Frontier in Political Psychology: Personal Efficacy and Involvement in the 1960s.- The American Voter.- Social Motivation: The Concept of Competence.- Learned Motives: The Need for Achievement.- Powerlessness and Personal Control.- Psychology, Intergroup Conflict, and Aggression.- Psychological Conceptions of Political Leaders.- Political Socialization and the Study of Student Activists.- Mapping the Causes of Political Behavior.- The Escalation of Psychological Approaches in the 1970s.- Political Psychology Emerges as a Self-Conscious Discipline.- Problems of Conception, Integration, and Ethics.- Some Current Research Topics.- "Psychological" Variables: A Theoretical Note.- Personality: Normal and Deviant.- Types and Traits.- Social Psychological Approaches.- Summary and Concluding Statement.- References.- 2 Perception and Cognition: an Information-Processing Framework for Politics.- Some Problems in Behavioral Research on Politics.- Problematic Assumptions about Political Behavior.- Problems in Measuring Political Behavior.- The Absence of Grounded Concepts.- Toward Integrated Models of Thought, Behavior, and Political Process.- Perception and Cognition: Clarifying the Concepts.- The Interaction of Perception and Cognition in Sensory Processes.- The Perceptual and Cognitive Foundations of Emotions.- Learning, Perception, and Culture.- Logical Arguments for and against the Independence of Perception and Cognition.- A Framework for Clarifying the Relations between Perception and Cognition.- Perception and Politics.- The Relevance of Perception Variables for Political Analysis.- Theories of Perception and Their Applications to Political Analysis.- Psychophysics and the Split Brain: Some Ordering Principles for Flexible Models of Perception.- Cataloging the Variables in Perception Research.- Perception: The Simple and the Complex of It.- Cognition and Politics.- The Foundations of Cognition: Learning and Memory.- Cognitive Development.- Styles of Political Thought.- New Conceptions of Belief Systems.- Conclusion: The Relations between Political Thought and Political Behavior.- References.- 3 Psychobiography and Psychohistory.- Definition.- Varieties of Explanation.- Psychobiography: Causal Explanations of Individuals.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- Psychobiography: Coherent Whole Explanations of Individuals.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- Social Psychohistory: Causal Explanations of Group Behavior.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- Social Psychohistory: Coherent Whole Explanations of Group Behavior.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- What Is to Be Done?.- References.- 4 Political Learning.- The Study of Political Learning.- A Behaviorist Stimulus-Response Model of Political Learning.- Classical Conditioning.- Instrumental Behaviors.- Generalization and Discrimination in Instrumental Learning.- Nonexperiential Learning.- Observational Modeling.- Symbolic Learning.- Symbol Manipulation.- Related Cognitive Processes.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5 Community Psychology.- Historical Events in the Formation of Community Psychology.- Issues in the Definition of Community Psychology.- Problems of Knowledge Base.- Problems of Professional Role Definition.- Problems of Community Settings.- Problems of Training and Personnel.- Models of Community Psychology.- Mental Health Model.- Organizational Model.- Social Action Model.- Ecological Model.- Persistent Common Concerns.- Social Roles.- Citizen Participation.- Toward a Psychology of the Community.- Perspectives on Community Problems.- The Problem of Community Settings.- References.
巻冊次

v. 4 ISBN 9780306406041

内容説明

In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob- jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad- vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo- rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ- ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con- fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters.

目次

1 Political Disaffection.- Recent Trends in Disaffection.- The Theory of Political Alienation.- Images of Alienation.- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent.- Measures of Political Alienation.- Origins and Correlates.- Social Class.- Age.- Race.- Region.- Party Identification.- Sex and Marital Status.- Community Size and Length of Residence.- And So On.- The Effects of Political Socialization.- Explaining the Recent Trends.- Political Alienation and Political behavior.- Attitudinal Correlates.- Behavioral Effects.- Conclusion.- References.- 2 Sociopolitical Movements.- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements.- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements.- Breakdown or Structural-Functionalist Theories.- Social Psychological Theories.- Conflict Theories.- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness.- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation.- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements.- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges.- References.- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology.- The Concept of Public Opinion.- History.- Definition.- Measurement.- The Individual Basis of Opinions.- Psychological Explanations.- The Role of Political Socialization.- The Role of Social Characteristics.- Ideology in Mass Preferences.- Ideological Conceptualization.- Constraints among Opinions.- Awareness and Other Indicators of Ideology.- Conclusions and Implications.- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion.- Economic Issues.- Social Issues.- International Affairs.- Overall Trends.- Public Opinion and Public Policy.- References.- 4 Political Participation.- Conceptualizing Political Participation.- Decisions about Participation.- Inputs and Outtakes.- Modes of Participation.- Factors Antecedent to behavior.- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli.- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors.- Participation as a Function of Attitudes and Beliefs.- Participation as a Function of Personality.- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position.- Social Position at the Center or Periphery of Society.- Socioeconomic Status (SES) or Class.- Place of Residence.- Organizational Involvement.- Community Identification.- Age.- Variations by Sex.- Race.- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables.- The Level of Modernization.- Modernization and Political Violence.- Rules of the Game.- The Party System.- What Difference Does Political Participation Make?.- References.- 5 Mass Communication and Politics.- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research.- Propaganda Analysis.- Attitude Change Research.- The Voting Studies.- Government and the Press.- The Communication Sciences.- The Political Media of Mass Communication.- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship.- Campaigns and Electoral Politics.- Mass Communication and Political Socialization.- Mass Communication, Political Images, and Public Opinion.- Government and the News Media.- Mass Communication and Public Policy.- Methodological Considerations.- Rhetorical Analysis.- Content Analysis.- Experimental Research.- Survey Research.- Intensive Analysis.- Linguistic Analysis.- Theoretical Approaches.- Micro Perspectives.- Macro Perspectives.- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication?.- References.- 6 The Rise and Fall of 'Political Development'.- 'Political Development': What Is It?.- Is It a Word?.- Has It a Meaning?.- What Is Its Etiology?.- 'Political Development': What Happened to It?.- Some Historical Background.- The Period of Incubation.- Attempts at Conceptual Ordering.- The Denouement.- 'Political Development': What Are Its Meanings?.- From Autonym to Conceptualizations.- The Compilation of Concepts.- The Requisite Variables.- Changes in the Decision-Making Process: Expansion of Choice.- The Outcome Variables.- Conclusion.- References.

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