Informal fallacies : towards a theory of argument criticisms
著者
書誌事項
Informal fallacies : towards a theory of argument criticisms
（Pragmatics & beyond companion series, 4）
J. Benjamins, 1987
- Eur.
- U.S.
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注記
Bibliography: p.[323]-330
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The basic question of this monograph is: how should we go about judging arguments to be reasonable or unreasonable? Our concern will be with argument in a broad sense, with realistic arguments in natural language. The basic object will be to engage in a normative study of determining what factors, standards, or procedures should be adopted or appealed to in evaluating an argument as "good," "not-so-good," "open to criticism," "fallacious," and so forth. Hence our primary concern will be with the problems of how to criticize an argument, and when a criticism is reasonably justified.
目次
- 1. Chapter 1: A New Model of Argument
- 2. 1. Introduction to the Fallacies
- 3. 2. Some More Fallacies
- 4. 3. Fallacies Combined in Realistic Dialogues
- 5. 4. What is an Argument?
- 6. 5. Criticism as Challenge and Response
- 7. 6. Basic Categories of Argument Study
- 8. Notes: Chapter 1
- 9. Chapter 2: Hot Rhetoric and Argument
- 10. 1. Appeals to Popular Sentiment
- 11. 2. Appeals to Force
- 12. 3. Appeals to Pity
- 13. 4. Overly Personal Argumentation
- 14. 5. The Rhetorical Debate
- 15. 6. Case Study: Parliamentary Debate
- 16. 7. Conclusion
- 17. Notes: Chapter 2
- 18. Chapter 3: The Logic of Propositions
- 19. 1. Deductive Validity
- 20. 2. Formal Logic
- 21. 3. Classical Propositional Calculus
- 22. 4. Applying Deductive Logic to Arguments
- 23. 5. Invalidity and Fallaciousness
- 24. 6. Relevance and Validity
- 25. 7. Subject-Matter Relatedness
- 26. 8. Relatedness Logic
- 27. 9. Semantics and Pragmatics
- 28. 10. What is a Fallacy?
- 29. Notes: Chapter 3
- 30. Chapter 4: Logical Dialogue-Games
- 31. 1. Different Approaches to Formal Dialogues
- 32. 2. The Ad Ignorantiam Fallacy
- 33. 3. Fallacies of Question-Asking
- 34. 4. The Fallacy of Many Questions
- 35. 5. Demanding Direct Answers to Questions
- 36. 6. Misconception of Refutation
- 37. 7. Case Studies of Political Debates
- 38. 8. A Game with Dark-Side Commitments
- 39. Notes: Chapter 4
- 40. Chapter 5: Enthymemes
- 41. 1. The Tradition of Enthymemes
- 42. 2. The Objectives of Dialogue
- 43. 3. Veiled Commitment-Sets
- 44. 4. Strategy and Plausibility
- 45. 5. The Problem Resolved
- 46. 6. Order of the Premisses
- 47. 7. Multiple Premisses in Complex Arguments
- 48. Notes: Chapter 5
- 49. Chapter 6: Longer Sequences of Argumentation
- 50. 1. Sequences of Argumentation
- 51. 2. Graphs of Arguments
- 52. 3. Case Study: Argument on Sex Education
- 53. 4. Case Study: Circular Argumentation
- 54. 5. Plausibility Conditions on Arguments
- 55. 6. The Missing Links
- 56. 7. Conclusions on Circular Arguments
- 57. Notes: Chapter 6
- 58. Chapter 7: Fallacious Arguments From Authority
- 59. 1. How Appeals to Authority Can Go Wrong
- 60. 2. Plausible Argument
- 61. 3. Where Experts Disagree
- 62. 4. Expertise and Legal Dialogue
- 63. 5. Dialogue and Expertise
- 64. 6. Conclusions
- 65. Notes: Chapter 7
- 66. Chapter 8: Various Fallacies
- 67. 1. Inductive Fallacies
- 68. 2. Deductive and Inductive Arguments
- 69. 3. Post Hoc Arguments
- 70. 4. Slippery Slope
- 71. 5. Equivocation
- 72. 6. Amphiboly
- 73. 7. Composition and Division
- 74. Chapter 9: Arguments Against the Person
- 75. 1. Poisoning the Well
- 76. 2. The Sportsman's Rejoinder
- 77. 3. Evaluating Ad Hominem Disputations
- 78. 4. Four Types of Circumstantial Ad Hominem
- 79. 5. Rhetorical Context of Ad Hominem Attacks
- 80. 6. Positional Defensibility
- 81. 7. Conclusion
- 82. Notes: Chapter 9
- 83. Chapter 10: Equivocation
- 84. 1. What is Equivocation?
- 85. 2. Vagueness and Criticisms of Equivocality
- 86. 3. The Problem of Subtle Equivocations
- 87. 4. Deep Deception and Equivocal Dialogue
- 88. 5. Many-Valued Logic for Equivocators
- 89. 6. Priests's System LP
- 90. 7. Applying LP to the Fallacy of Equivocation
- 91. 8. R-Mingle as a Logic for Equivocators
- 92. 9. RM and Equivocation
- 93. 10. Conclusions
- 94. Notes: Chapter 10
- 95. Chapter 11: Informal Logic as a Discipline
- 96. 1. The Role of Formal Logic
- 97. 2. Dialectic as a Theory of Argument
- 98. 3. Function of Why-Questions
- 99. 4. Subject-Specific Nature of Arguments
- 100. 5. Case Studies on Circular Reasoning
- 101. 6. Conversational Pragmatics
- 102. 7. Pedagogical Directions for Informal Logic
- 103. Notes: Chapter 11
- 104. Bibliography
- 105. Index
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