Illustrated glossary for solar and solar-terrestrial physics
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Bibliographic Information
Illustrated glossary for solar and solar-terrestrial physics
（Astrophysics and space science library, v. 69）
D. Reidel, c1977
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Includes bibliographies and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
At the XV. General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union in Sydney 1973, Commission 10 for Solar Activity requested the incoming Organising Committee to establish a small group to recommend a standard nomenclature for solar features and to prepare an illustrated text which would clear the jungle of terms for the benefit of solar physicists as well as of theoreticians and research workers in related fields. The challenge was taken up by the president of Commission 10, Prof. K. O. Kiepenheuer, and his persuasive advocacy has led eventually to the present book. In the course of the work, the declared aim but not the basic purpose was revised. Rather than prepare a list of standard terms, we have preferred to collect together all the terms that appear in current English-language literature. Synonyms and partially overlapping terms are all recorded for the most part without prejudice. Each has been defined as exactly as possible with the hope that in the future they may be used and understood without ambiguity. It would be a step on the road to standardisation if these terms were not re-used for new phenomena. New observations and new theories will lead to reappraisals and redefinitions so the Glossary is intended more as a guide to the present situation than as a rule-book.
Table of Contents
1. Solar Interior.- 1.1. Solar Standard Model.- 1.2. Internal Rotation.- 1.3. Energy Generation.- 1.4. Solar Neutrinos.- 1.5. Convection Zone.- 1.6. Convective Theory.- 1.7. Boussinesq Assumption.- 2. Solar Cycle, Solar Rotation and Large-Scale Circulation.- 2.1. Solar (Activity) Cycle.- 2.2. Hale Cycle.- 2.3. Long-Term Activity Variations.- 2.4. Dynamos.- 2.5. Differential Rotation.- 2.6. Rotation of the Convection Zone.- 2.7. Carrington Rotation.- 2.8. Oblateness (Solar).- 2.9. Meridional Flow.- 2.10. Giant Cells or Large-Scale Circulation.- 3. Non-Spot Magnetic Fields.- 3.1. General Magnetic Field.- 3.2. Polar Magnetic Field.- 3.3. Large-Scale Magnetic Field.- 3.4. Sector Structure.- 3.5. Unipolar Magnetic Region.- 3.6. Magnetic Puka.- 3.7. Network Field.- 3.8. Magnetic Hills.- 3.9. Magnetic Element or Fluxule.- 3.10. Magnetic Rope (Flux Rope).- 3.11. Magnetic Filament.- 3.12. Magnetic Microturbulence.- 3.13. Crossover Effect.- 3.14. Magnetograph.- 3.15. Stokesmeter.- 3.16. Lambdameter or Recording Doppler Comparator.- 4. Quiet Photosphere and Chromosphere.- 4.1. Quiet Sun.- 4.2. Atmospheric Models.- 4.3. Oscillations.- 4.4. Short Period Oscillations.- 4.5. Limb Redshift.- 4.6. Granulation.- 4.7. Photospheric Network.- 4.8. Chromospheric Network.- 4.9. Supergranulation.- 4.10. Mottle.- 4.11. Rosette and Chain.- 4.12. Chromospheric Grain.- 4.13. Spicule.- 4.14. Interspicular Region.- 4.15. Macrospicule.- 4.16. Chromospheric Bubbles or 'Bulles'.- 4.17. Emission Shell.- 4.18. Flash Spectrum.- 4.19. Spectroheliograph.- 4.20. Birefringent Filter.- 5. Transition Region.- 5.1. Transition Region.- 5.2. Di-Electronic Recombination.- 5.3. Intersystem or Intercombination Lines.- 5.4. Satellite Lines.- 5.5. Grazing-Incidence Optics.- 5.6. Crystal Spectrometers.- 6. Solar Corona.- 6.1. White-Light Corona.- 6.2. Ellipticity or Flattening.- 6.3. Coronal Streamers.- 6.4. Polar Plumes.- 6.5. Coronal Cavity.- 6.6. Rifts.- 6.7. Coronal Condensation and Enhancement.- 6.8. E-Corona or Emission Line Corona.- 6.9. Coronal Loops.- 6.10. EUV and X-Ray Corona.- 6.11. Magnetic Arcades.- 6.12. Coronal Holes.- 6.13. Coronal Bright Points.- 6.14. Coronal Events or Coronal Transients.- 6.15. T-Corona.- 6.16. Lyot-Coronagraph.- 6.17. Externally Occulted Coronagraph.- 7. Active Regions.- 7.1. (Solar) Activity.- 7.2. Active Region.- 7.3. Complexes of Activity.- 7.4. Emerging Flux Regions.- 7.5. Ephemeral Region.- 7.6. Sunspot Group.- 7.7. Proper Motion (of Sunspots).- 7.8. Evolving Magnetic Features (EMF).- 7.9. Parasites or Inclusions.- 7.10. Magnetic Inversion Line.- 7.11. Filament Channel or Plage Couloir.- 7.12. Chromospheric Plage.- 7.13. Fibrils.- 7.14. Moustache (Ellerman Bomb).- 7.15. Magnetic Classification of Active Regions.- 7.16. Mt. Wilson Spot Classification.- 7.17. Solar Activity Indices.- 7.18. Solar Activity Data.- 8. Spots and Faculae.- 8.1. Photospheric Faculae.- 8.2. Facular Point.- 8.3. Polar Faculae.- 8.4. Magnetic Knots.- 8.5. Moving Magnetic Features (MMF).- 8.6. Pore.- 8.7. Sunspot.- 8.8. Umbra.- 8.9. Umbral Dots.- 8.10. Umbral Flashes.- 8.11. Umbral Oscillations.- 8.12. Light Bridges.- 8.13. Penumbra.- 8.14. Penumbral Waves.- 8.15. Evershed Effect.- 8.16. Wilson Effect.- 9. Flares and Associated Phenomena.- 9.1. Solar Flare.- 9.2. Thermal Flare.- 9.3. Flare Area.- 9.4. Flare Importance or Flare Class.- 9.5. Comprehensive Flare Index (CFI).- 9.6. Flash Phase.- 9.7. Flare Kernels.- 9.8. Plage Flare.- 9.9. Two-Ribbon Flare.- 9.10. Filament-Associated Flares.- 9.11. Homologous Flares.- 9.12. Limb Flares.- 9.13. Flare-Associated Phenomena.- 9.14. Moreton Wave.- 9.15. White-Light Flare.- 9.16. X-Ray Flare.- 9.17. Hard X-Ray Flare.- 9.18. EUV Bursts.- 9.19. Flare Gamma Ray Emission.- 9.20. Particle Flare or Energetic Flare.- 9.21. Flare Mechanisms.- 10. Prominences.- 10.1. Prominence.- 10.2. Prominence Classification.- 10.3. Prominence Phenomenology.- 10.4. Quiescent Prominence.- 10.5. Prominence Zones.- 10.6. Activated Prominences.- 10.7. Ascending (Eruptive) Prominence.- 10.8. Ejections.- 10.9. Surge.- 10.10. Spray.- 10.11. Loop Prominences.- 11. Solar Radio Emission.- 11.1. Quiet-Sun Radio Emission.- 11.2. Slowly Varying Component or Sunspot Component (S-Component).- 11.3. Microwave Burst.- 11.4. Post-Burst Decrease.- 11.5. Microwave Pulsations.- 11.6. Noise Storms.- 11.7. Radio Continuum.- 11.8. Type I Burst or Storm Burst.- 11.9. Type II Burst or Slow-Drift Burst.- 11.10. Fast-Drift Storm Burst.- 11.11. Drifting Pair.- 11.12. Type III Burst or Fast-Drift Burst.- 11.13. U-Burst.- 11.14. Stria Burst.- 11.15. Type IV Burst.- 11.16. Moving Type IV Burst.- 11.17. Pulsating Structure.- 11.18. Absorptions (Broad-Band, Short-Lived).- 11.19. Zebra Pattern or Parallel Drifting Bands.- 11.20. Intermediate-Drift Bursts or Fibre Bursts.- 11.21. Tadpoles.- 11.22. Spike Burst or Flash Burst.- 11.23. Type V Burst.- 11.24. Distinctive Events.- 11.25. Spectral Diagram.- 11.26. Directivity.- 11.27. Solar Radio Telescopes.- 11.28. Radio Interferometer.- 11.29. Radio Polarimeter.- 11.30. Radiospectrograph.- 11.31. Cerenkov Emission.- 11.32. Landau Damping.- 11.33. Gyroresonance Absorption.- 11.34. Gyro-Synchrotron Radiation.- 11.35. Faraday Rotation.- 11.36. Loss Cone.- 11.37. Mode Coupling.- 11.38. Plasma Hypothesis.- 11.39. Plasma Wave or Langmuir Wave.- 11.40. Quasi-Linear Relaxation or Plateau Formation.- 11.41. Razin Effect.- 11.42. Scattering (Radio).- 12. General Theoretical Terms.- 12.1. Anomalous Dispersion.- 12.2. Contrast Mechanisms.- 12.3. Dynamical Stability.- 12.4. Hanle Effect or Level Crossing Interference.- 12.5. Lighthill Mechanism.- 12.6. Line Control.- 12.7. Macro/Microturbulence.- 12.8. Magnetic Buoyancy.- 12.9. Non-Thermal Velocities.- 12.10. Overstability.- 12.11. Penetrative Convection or Overshoot.- 12.12. Rotational Braking.- 12.13. Source Function.- 12.14. Thermodynamic Equilibrium.- 12.15. Turbulence.- 12.16. Waves.- 12.17. Wave Tunnelling.- 13. Solar Wind and Interplanetary Medium.- 13.1. Solar Wind.- 13.2. Solar Wind Models.- 13.3. Angular Momentum Loss.- 13.4. High-Speed Streams.- 13.5. Mass Ejections.- 13.6. Waves in the Solar Wind.- 13.7. Discontinuities in the Solar Wind.- 13.8. Heliosphere.- 13.9. Sector Structure.- 13.10. Spatial Gradients.- 13.11. Long Term Variations.- 13.12. Zodiacal Light.- 14. Solar-Terrestrial Physics.- 14.1. Geomagnetic Field.- 14.2. Coordinate Systems.- 14.3. Geomagnetic Indices.- 14.4. Dst Index.- 14.5. Auroral Electrojet Index AE.- 14.6. Daily Variations of Geomagnetic Field.- 14.7. 27-Day Variations of Geomagnetic Field.- 14.8. Semi-Annual Variation of Geomagnetic Field.- 14.9. Micropulsation.- 14.10. Geomagnetic Storms.- 14.11. Storm Sudden Commencement (SSC) or Sudden Commencement (SC).- 14.12. Initial Phase (Geomagnetic Storm).- 14.13. Ring Current.- 14.14. Sudden Impulses (Geomagnetic) SI.- 14.15. Ionosphere.- 14.16. D Region.- 14.17. Polar Cap Absorption (PCA).- 14.18. Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID).- 14.19. E Region.- 14.20. Sporadic E (Es).- 14.21. Equatorial Electrojet.- 14.22. Solar Flare Effect (Sfe).- 14.23. F1 and F2 Regions.- 14.24. Spread F.- 14.25. Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TID).- 14.26. Magnetosphere.- 14.27. Magnetospheric Coordinate Systems.- 14.28. Plasmasphere.- 14.29. Magnetosheath.- 14.30. Magnetospheric Tail.- 14.31. Substorm.- 14.32. Radiation Belts or Van Allen Belts.- 14.33. Whistlers.- 14.34. VLF Emissions.- 14.35. Aurora.- 14.36. Auroral Forms.- 14.37. Auroral Oval and Auroral Zones.- 14.38. Auroral Intensity.- 14.39. Stable Auroral Red Arcs (SAR Arcs).- 14.40. Pulsing Aurora.- 14.41. Polar Glow Aurora.- 14.42. Airglow.- Index of Subjects.- Biographies of Authors.
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