Urolithiasis research : [proceedings of an International Symposium on Urolithiasis Research held in Davos, Switzerland, March 29-April 1, 1976]

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Urolithiasis research : [proceedings of an International Symposium on Urolithiasis Research held in Davos, Switzerland, March 29-April 1, 1976]

edited by H. Fleisch ... [et al.]

Plenum Press, c1976

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Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

In recent years, a growing interest has prompted increasing numbers of research publications and scientific conferences on the subject of urolithiasis. The aims of this symposium were three: a) to review and inte- grate recent progress in major subject areas, b) to discuss current research developments and c) to stimulate interchange between investigators in Europe and in America. In a series of morning lectures, invited, recognized experts presented comprehensive reviews of major fields of urolithiasis research such as the physical chemistry of crystal formation, the metabolism of stone forming substances, and modes of therapy. A special emphasis was given to general renal physiology and the renal excretion of Ca++, Pi, Mg, oxalate and urate. Despite its obvious importance, renal function has been relatively neglected in uro- lithiasis research. New research results were presented by the mechanism of after- noon poster sessions. This procedure permitted informal lengthy discussions between those participants especially interested and the responsible investigator himself. In addition, informal group discussions were organized during the evenings on an ad hoc basis. In this volume, both the review lectures and brief summaries of the poster presentations have been collected. Interchange between European and American investigators was achieved by the direct participation of a large delegation from North America. This large attendance was made possible by the generous support of the National Institute for Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Disease U.S. N.I.H.

目次

Review Lectures I. Physical Chemical Aspects of Urinary Stone-Formation.- The kinetics of crystal growth and renal stone-formation.- Physical chemical aspects of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract.- II. Renal Handling of Substances Involved in Urinary Stone-Formation.- Elements of nephron function important in urolithiasis.- Renal handling of magnesium.- Renal physiology and the phosphate ion.- Tubular handling of phosphate.- Calcium excretion and hypercalciuria.- Tubular handling of calcium.- Renal handling of uric acid.- Tubular handling of uric acid in mammals.- III. Metabolism of Substances Involved in Urinary Stone-Formation.- Genetic defects in human purine metabolism leading to urolithiasis.- Influence of diet on urinary uric acid excretion.- Vitamin D metabolism and its relationship to pathologies of calcium metabolism.- Oxalic acid: absorption, excretion, and metabolism.- Oxalate biosynthesis and the primary hyperoxaluria syndromes.- IV. New Aspects in Medical Treatment of Urinary Stones.- Application of physical, chemical, and metabolic factors to the management of urolithiasis.- Idiopathic renal lithiasis: new developments in evaluation and treatment.- Posters I. Physical Chemical Aspects.- Investigation of complex chemical equilibria in urinary systems with respect to calcium oxalate formation.- Precipitation of calcium oxalates from 0.3M sodium chloride solutions.- Nucleation place for urinary calculi.- Crystal-optical findings on calcium oxalate of uric concretions.- Epitaxy mechanism of urinary mucoprotein.- Calcified bacteria in renal stones.- Crystal habit, structure and incidence in the urine of a hospital population.- Estimating urine supersaturation, a comparison of the results of two methods evaluating changes induced by drinking milk.- Aggregation and disaggregation of hydroxyapatite crystals.- A routine method for the integrated study of microcrystals in urine by light and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and micro-X-ray diffraction.- Exact stone analysis - significance to prophylaxis.- Demonstration of protective (inhibitory) effects of urinary macromolecules on the crystallisation of calcium oxalate.- Composition of deficient apatitic calcium phosphates in renal calculi.- Magnesian calcites in urinary stones of herbivorous mammals.- Studies about crystalluria of stone-formers and controls. Experiments on crystal growth.- Results of the standardization and centralization of stone analysis in the German Democratic Republic.- Structural study of calcinated apatites from renal calculi.- Intracellular crystalline deposits by bacteria grown in urine.- Evaluation of physical and chemical methods for the analysis of polymineralic urinary calculi.- Physical analyses of urinary calculi.- The complexation of calcium ion by diphosphonates.- Urinary inhibitors of calcification.- Comparison of two methods for measuring activity products of calcium salts in urine.- A macroscopic, microchemical and infra-red spectrometric study of oxalic urinary lithiasis.- Urinary acid mucopolysaccharide inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization.- The saturation of urine in recurrent, idiopathic calcium stoneformers.- Effect of oral orthophosphate on calcium crystalluria in stoneformers.- Experimental urinary stone-formation following persorption.- Prostatic calculi.- Quality of, and quality control of, urolithiasis analysis.- Ultrastructural features of human urinary calculi.- Comparison of quantitative element distribution in kidney and muscle tissue of patients with calcium oxalate calculi.- Crystalluria.- Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth. A simple method of measurement and preliminary results.- Analysis of urinary stones using infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy - progress report.- II. Renal Aspects.- Regulation and site of the tubular transport of inorganic phosphate (Pj) in the rat kidney.- The effect of vitamin D on renal calcium clearance.- New aspects in urinary oxalate excretion in man.- Effects of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone on renal tubular calcium reabsorption.- Effect of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis on renal tubular calcium transport.- III. Metabolic Aspects.- The incidence of kidney stones after small intestinal bypass operations for treatment of obesity.- Beta-2-microglobulin excretion in renal stone-formers.- Calcium metabolism in patients with urolithiasis and hyperparathyroidism.- Dietary content of refined carbohydrate: an explanation for the "stone-wave" and apparent immunity to renal stone.- Correlations between renal oxalic lithiasis and cholesterol gall bladder lithiasis.- Uric acid lithiasis, aetiology and treatment.- Statistics of urolithiasis.- Hyperparathyroidism in urolithiasis.- Acute acid loads with different anions in patients with renal stones.- Case history of a urinary stone.- Urinary calculus formation in small bowel bypass patients.- Urease: principal cause of infection stones.- Effect of metabolic changes on uric acid production of human liver.- Seasonal variations in urinary calcium and oxalate in normal subjects and patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.- The effects of experimental hypercalcemia upon gluconeogenetic metabolites in rat kidney cells.- 25-0H-vitamin D metabolism in calcium stone-formers.- Primary hyperuricaemia in cystinuria.- Component concentrations of 24-h urine from patients with calcium oxalate calculi.- Clinical data and biochemical analyses in urolithiasis.- Urease inhibition: alternative to antimicrobial treatment.- Kinetic differences in the intestinal calcium-binding protein from absorptive hypercalciuric stone-formers.- Ionized calcium concentration measured by a new double-membrane calcium-sensitive electrode.- Etiological classification of renal lithiasis: a study based on 1936 patients.- Hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting in kidney stoneformers.- Desk top calculator program for evaluation of clinical chemistry results in recurrent stone-formers.- Experimental studies on the effect of different forms of prophylaxis on urolith formation in animals.- Calcium stone disease: pilot study of hormonal response to meal and hypoglycemia.- A new cause of urinary calculi: 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones in supposed 'uric acid' crystalluria.- Urinary tract calculi after kidney transplantation.- Anticystinuric drug activity - experimental study on the rat.- Urolithiasis associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria. A series of fifty male patients.- Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in normocalcemic hypercalciuria.- IV. Therapeutic Aspects.- Method and clinical use of fibrinpyelotoniy.- Acetohydroxamic acid: initial investigations in man.- Therapeutic effect of l?-hydroxyvitamin D3 in patients with hypoparathyroi dism after thyroidectomy.- Conservative treatment of urolithiasis.- Experience with long-term prophylaxis of kidney stones.- Succinimide-phosphorus-magnesium association in the treatment of oxalic lithiasis - clinical and experimental data.- Prevention of urinary calculi in hyperuricemia and gout.- Idiopathic urinary bladder stone disease.- Urinary lithiasis in children due to idiopathic hypercalciuria.

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