Muscles in action : an approach to manual muscle testing
著者
書誌事項
Muscles in action : an approach to manual muscle testing
Churchill Livingstone, 1988
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注記
Includes Bibliographes and Index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This work is designed to offer students in a variety of disciplines a structured introduction to the evaluation of strength and function of the muscles of the human body, and to be an easy reference for the clinician in practical situations. The initial chapters address the fundamentals of muscle testing and the problems associated with it. The test position for most muscles of the body against the resistance of gravity and with gravity eliminated are provided, and demonstrated pictorially in each case. Abilities such as eye movements, swallowing and other essential functions have been included in an endeavour to broaden the scope of application of the evaluation of muscle. The authors have also tried to identify those clinical situations which frequently make muscle testing more difficult. Some of the pitfalls likely to interfere with the evaluation have been described and a commonsense approach to testing has been suggested. The sequencing of the testing procedure in lying, sitting and standing is presented in a tabular form as are the muscles which need to be evaluated in each of the major peripheral nerve injuries, and in lesions of the spinal cord at a variety of levels.
目次
- Part 1 Fundamentals of muscle testing: introduction - types of muscle contraction, limitations of manual muscle testing, standardizing the procedure for manual muscle testing, concepts in test construction, grading system, accessory descriptors, sequence of presentation, additional elements
- clinical guidelines in manual muscle testing - optimal preparation for testing, legitimate modifications, special problems, aids to testing and diagnosis. Part 2 Muscle tests: evaluating the muscles of the upper extremity - muscles tested at the scapula, shoulder joint, elbow joint, superior and inferior radio-ulnar joints, wrist joint, joints of the fingers, joints of the thumb
- evaluating the muscles of the lower extremity - muscles tested at the hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint, joints of the toes, weight bearing tests of the lower extremity
- evaluating the muscles of the neck and trunk - muscles which move the joints of the cervical spine, the thoracic, sacral and lumbar spine
- evaluating the muscles of the face - muscles of mastication, facial expression, eye
- evaluating the muscles of the essential functions - evaluating the muscles of swallowing, respiration, micturition and defaecation. Appendices: muscle grading chart 1 - trunk, upper limb, lower limb
- muscle grading chart 2 - face and essential functions.
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