Röntgendiagnostik des Urogenitalsystems Roentgen diagnosis of the urogenital system
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書誌事項
Röntgendiagnostik des Urogenitalsystems = Roentgen diagnosis of the urogenital system
（Handbuch der medizinischen Radiologie / herausgegeben von L. Diethelm ... [et al.] = Encyclopedia of medical radiology / edited by L. Diethelm ... [et al.], Bd. 13）
Springer-Verlag, 1973
- T. 1
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Roentgen diagnosis of the urogenital system
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Includes indexes
内容説明・目次
目次
- Contents.- I: Roentgen diagnosis of the kidney and the ureter.- A. Introduction.- B. Examination fundamentals.- I. Equipment.- II. Radiation protection.- III. Preparation of the patient for roentgen examination.- C. Examination methods.- I. Plain radiography.- 1. Position of kidneys.- 2. Shape of kidneys.- 3. Size of kidneys.- 4. Calcifications projected onto the urinary tract.- II. Additional methods.- 1. Zonography and tomography.- 2. Retroperitoneal pneumography.- 3. Roentgen examination of the surgically exposed kidney.- III. Pyelography and urography.- 1. Pyelography.- a) Contrast media.- b) Method.- c) Roentgen anatomy.- d) Antegrade pyelography.- e) Contraindications.- 2. Urography.- a) Contrast media.- b) Excretion of contrast medium during urography.- c) Injection and dose of contrast medium.- d) Urography in renal insufficiency.- e) Urography in patients with myeloma.- f) Reactions.- g) Examination technique.- h) Urography at health-check examinations.- IV. Renal angiography.- 1. Aortic puncture.- 2. Catheterization.- 3. Comparison between selective and aortic renal angiography.- 4. Angiography of operatively exposed kidney.- 5. Injection of contrast medium.- 6. Contrast media.- 7. Risks.- 8. Anatomy and roentgen anatomy.- a) Arteries.- b) Nephrographic phase.- c) Venous phase.- d) Flow studies during angiography.- V. Renal phlebography.- D. Anomalies.- I. Anomalies of the renal pelvis and associated anomalies of the ureter.- 1. Double renal pelvis.- 2. Blind ureter.- 3. Anomalies of the calyces.- 4. Anomalies in the border between calyces and renal parenchyma.- II. Anomalies of the renal parenchyma.- 1. Aplasia and agenesia.- 2. Hypoplasia.- a) General hypoplasia.- b) Local hypoplasia.- III. Malrotation.- IV. Ectopia.- V. Fusion.- VI. Vascular changes in renal anomalies.- Multiple renal arteries.- a) Anatomic investigations.- b) Angiographic studies.- c) Level of origin.- VII. Renal angiography in anomalies.- VIII. Ureteric anomalies.- 1. Retro-caval ureter.- 2. Ureters with ectopic orifice.- 3. Ureteric valve.- E. Nephro- and ureterolithiasis.- I. Chemical composition of stones.- II. Age, sex, and side involved.- III. Size and shape of stones.- IV. Stone in association with certain diseases.- V. Stones induced by side-effects of therapy.- VI. Formation of stones from a roentgenologic point of view.- VII. Plain roentgenography.- 1. Differential diagnosis of stone by plain roentgenography.- 2. Disappearance of renal and ureteric stones.- 3. Perforation.- VIII. Roentgen examination in association with operation.- IX. Urography and pyelography.- X. Nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, and uretero-lithotomy.- XI. Roentgen examination during renal colic.- 1. Plain radiography.- 2. Urography.- 3. Discussion of signs of stasis.- 4. Backflow in acute renal colic.- 5. Reflex anuria.- 6. Cessation of pain.- 7. Passage of stone.- 8. Stasis in relation to pain.- 9. Master rules in acute renal colic.- 10. Backflow in connection with stone.- XII. Renal angiography.- XIII. Nephrocalcinosis.- 1. Hyperparathyroidism.- 2. Sarcoidosis.- 3. Hypercalcemia.- 4. Glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and tubular nephritis.- F. Renal, pelvic, and ureteric tumors.- I. Renal tumors.- 1. Renal carcinoma.- a) Plain roentgenography.- b) Urography, pyelography.- c) Renal angiography.- d) Phlebography.- e) Nephrotomography.- f) The growth of renal carcinoma.- g) Multiple tumors.- 2. Malignant renal tumors in children.- a) Plain roentgenography.- b) Urography and pyelography.- 3. Other types of malignant tumor.- 4. Metastases from renal carcinoma.- 5. Benign renal tumors.- 6. Roentgenologic differential diagnosis in expansive lesions.- 7. General views on diagnostic difficulties in renal tumor.- 8. Short summary of tumor diagnosis and differential diagnosis.- a) Plain roentgenography.- b) Pyelography and urography.- c) Puncture.- d) Renal angiography.- e) Metastases.- II. Tumors of the renal pelvis and the ureter.- 1. Tumors of the renal pelvis.- 2. Tumors of the ureter.- G. Renal cysts and polycystic disease.- I. Serous cysts.- 1. Simple cysts.- a) Plain radiography.- b) Urography and pyelography.- c) Renal angiography.- d) Puncture of cyst.- e) Flow studies.- 2. Peripelvic lymphatic cysts.- 3. Multilocular cysts.- II. Hydatid cysts.- III. Polycystic disease.- a) Plain radiography.- b) Urography and pyelography.- c) Renal angiography.- H. Renal tuberculosis.- I. Remarks on pathology.- II. Roentgen examination.- 1. Plain roentgenography.- 2. Urography and pyelography.- a) Ureteric changes.- b) Excretion of contrast medium during urography.- c) Renal angiography.- 3. Differential diagnosis.- 4. Follow-up examinations.- III. General observations on examination methods in renal tuberculosis.- I. Primary vascular lesions.- I. Arteriosclerosis, fibroplasia, and other types of arterial disease.- II. Arterial aneurysms.- Plain radiography, urography, and angiography.- III. Arteriovenous anastomoses and fistulae.- IV. Emboli and thrombosis in the renal artery.- V. Thrombosis of the renal vein.- Varices.- VI. Roentgen-diagnostics in renal hypertension.- VII. Roentgen examination in hematuria.- J. Injury to the kidney and ureter.- I. Classification of renal ruptures.- II. Plain radiography.- III. Urography and pyelography.- IV. Renal angiography.- V. Healing of renal ruptures.- VI. Choice of therapy.- VII. Perirenal hematoma.- K. Dilatation of the urinary tract.- I. The obstructed pelviureteric junction.- 1. Plain radiography.- 2. Pyelography and urography.- 3. Penal angiography.- 4. Check roentgenography after operation for hydronephrosis.- 5. Vessels and hydronephrosis.- II. Dilatation of varying origin.- 1. Dilatation of the urinary tract in infants.- 2. Dilatation in prostatic hyperplasia.- a) Plain radiography.- b) Urography.- 3. Dilatation of the urinary tract during pregnancy.- 4. Ureteric dilatation following pregnancy.- 5. Ureteric dilatation following use of oral contraceptives.- 6. Local dilatation of the urinary tract.- 7. Megaureter.- 8. Dilatation of the urinary tract in double renal pelvis.- L. Generalized diseases of the renal parenchyma.- I. Acute renal insufficiency.- 1. General considerations.- 2. Edema.- 3. Estimation of the size of the kidneys.- a) Enlarged kidneys.- b) Kidneys smaller than normal.- 4. Glomerulonephritis.- 5. Tubular nephritis.- 6. Gross bilateral cortical necrosis.- 7. Pyelonephritis.- a) Plain roentgenography.- b) Urography.- c) Renal angiography.- d) Pyelonephritis and the lower urinary tract.- 8. Papillary necrosis.- a) Plain radiography.- b) Urography and pyelography.- c) Renal angiography.- 9. Fibrolipomatosis of the kidney.- 10. Radiation nephritis.- 11. Renal hyperplasia.- 12. Mycosis.- II. Problems in connection with hemodialysis.- M. Perinephritis, renal abscess, and carbuncle.- I. Role of roentgen examination.- II. Roentgen findings.- 1. Plain radiography.- 2. Examination with contrast medium.- 3. Indirect roentgen findings.- III. Carbuncle and abscess of the kidney.- Examination with contrast medium.- N. Gas in the urinary tract and fistula formation.- Development of gas in the urinary tract.- O. Medullary sponge kidney (benign renal tubular ectasia).- 1. Plain radiography.- 2. Urography.- P. The backflow phenomenon.- I. Tubular backflow.- II. Reflux to blood-stream. Pyelovenous backflow.- III. Reflux to sinus.- IV. Pyelolymphatic backflow.- V. Relation of reflux to bloodstream.- VI. Frequency of reflux.- VII. Backflow in acute renal colic.- VIII. Significance of reflux from a roentgen-diagnostic point of view.- IX. Risks associated with reflux.- Q. Renal transplantation.- R. Miscellaneous changes particularly of the ureter.- I. Ureterocele.- II. Ureteric prolapse.- III. Ureteric endometriosis.- IV. Herniation of the ureter.- V. Ureteric diverticula.- VI. Ureteric involvement by aortic aneurysm and other pathologic processes.- VII. Regional ureteritis.- VIII. Peri-ureteritis obliterans, retroperitoneal fibrosis.- IX. Bilharziosis.- X. Amyloidosis.- XI. Leukoplakia.- XII. Pyeloureteritis cystica.- XIII. Ureteric stump after nephrectomy.- XIV. Ureteric fistulae.- II: Roentgen diagnosis of the distal part of the urinary tract.- A. Introduction.- B. Examination methods.- I. Plain radiography.- II. Urethrocystography.- Technique of examination.- a) Instrumentation.- b) Contrast medium.- c) Roentgen anatomy of the bladder.- d) Roentgen anatomy of the urethra.- e) Performance of the examination.- f) Supplementary methods.- 1. Double contrast cystography.- 2. Perivesical pneumography.- g) Urethrocystography in children.- h) Complications.- III. Angiography of the bladder.- 1. Roentgen anatomy of the arterial supply of the bladder.- 2. Technique.- C. Pathologic changes of the bladder, prostate and urethra.- I. The Bladder.- 1. Anomalies.- a) Ectopia or extrophia vesicae.- b) Megalo bladder.- c) Malposition.- 2. Displacement of the bladder.- 3. Infection.- 4. Tumors.- 5. Trauma.- 6. The bladder in urinary obstruction.- 7. Stone.- 8. The neurogenic bladder.- 9. Enuresis.- 10. Bladder fistulae.- II. The Prostate.- 1. Hyperplasia of the prostatic gland.- 2. Changes post-prostatectomiam.- 3. Carcinoma.- 4. Inflammatory lesions.- 5. Contraction of the bladder neck.- III. The Urethra.- 1. Anomalies.- a) Hypospadia.- b) Epispadia.- c) Double urethra.- d) Diverticula.- e) Urethral valves.- 2. Inflammatory lesions.- 3. Strictures.- 4. Trauma.- 5. Urethral tumor.- 6. Stone and foreign bodies.- IV. Cystoureteric Reflux.- References.- Author Index.
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