Assessments in semi-arid regions
著者
書誌事項
Assessments in semi-arid regions
（The Impact of climatic variations on agriculture / edited by M.L. Parry, T.R. Carter, and N.T. Konijn, v. 2）
Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1988
- : hard
- : pbk
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注記
On t.p.: The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, United Nations Environment Programme
Bibliography: p. 749-757
Includes index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
: hard ISBN 9789027727190
内容説明
Three important studies were initiated in the 19708 to investigate the relation- ship between climatic variations and agriculture: by the National Defense University (1980) on Crop Yields and Climate Change to the Year eooo, by the U.s. Department of Transportation (1975) on Impacts 0/ Climatic Change on the Biosphere and by the U.s. Department of Energy (1980) on Environmental and Societal Consequences 0/ a Possible CO -Induced Climatic Change (the ClAP 2 study). These were pioneering projects in a young field. Their emphasis was on measuring likely impacts of climatic variations rather than on evaluating possible responses, and they focused on first-order impacts (e.g., on crop yields) rather than on higher-order effects on society. A logical next step was to look at higher-order effects and potential responses, as part of a more integrated approach to impact assessment. This was undertaken by the World Climate Impact Program (WCIF), which is directed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The WCIF is one of four aspects of the World Ciimate Program, which was initiated in 1979.
目次
I. The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture: Introduction to the IIASA/UNEP Case Studies in Semi-Arid Regions.- List of Contributors.- Abstracts.- 1. The assessment of effects of climatic variations on agriculture: A summary of results from studies in semi-arid regions.- 2. The choice of first-order impact models for semi-arid regions.- 3. Climate and climatic variability in semi-arid regions at low altitudes.- II. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in Central and Eastern Kenya.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction to the Kenya case study.- 2. Drought climatology and development of the climatic scenarios.- 3. The effects on agroclimatic zones and agricultural production.- 4. The effects on maize yields.- 5. The effects on livestock production.- 6. Smallholder vulnerability and response to drought.- 7. Implications for policy.- Acknowledgments.- References.- III. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in Northeast Brazil.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction: Drought as a policy and planning issue in Northeast Brazil.- 2. The climatology of droughts and drought prediction.- 3. The effects on crop yields: A simulation approach.- 4. The effects on agricultural production and yields.- 5. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- Abbreviations and Acronyms.- References.- IV. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in the Central Sierra of Ecuador.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction: Vulnerability to climatic variations.- 2. Selection of the climatic scenarios.- 3. The vulnerability of indigenous farming systems to climatic variations.- 4. The effects of climatic variations and agricultural practices on barley yields.- 5. The effects of variations in mean temperatures and frost risk.- 6. The effects on zones of agroclimatic suitability for crops.- 7. The effects on Holdridge Life Zones.- 8. Conclusions and implications for policies of rural development.- References.- V. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in Dry Tropical Regions of India.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effects of monsoon variability on agriculture.- 3. Effects on agricultural productivity.- 4. Village-level farm adjustment to rainfall variability.- 5. Conclusions and implications.- Acknowledgments.- References.- VI. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in the Semi-arid Zone of the European USSR.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- A. The Stavropol Territory.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background to the methods, models and scenarios.- 3. The effects on crop production and crop allocation.- 4. Conclusions and implications for agricultural planning and policy.- B. The Saratov Region.- 5. Introduction.- 6. The effects on spring wheat yields.- 7. Optimal strategies for allocating land to grain crops.- 8. Conclusions and recommendations.- References.- VII. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in the Australian Wheatbelt.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction: Policy and planning issues for the Australian wheat industry.- 2. Climatic patterns and variability in the Australian wheatbelt.- 3. Socioeconomic impacts of climatic variability.- 4. Implications for policy makers and planners.- Acknowledgments.- References.
- 巻冊次
-
: pbk ISBN 9789027727206
内容説明
Three important studies were initiated in the 1970s to investigate the relation ship between climatic variations and agriculture: by the National Defense University (1980) on Crop Yields and Climate Change to the Year 2000, by the U.S. Department of Transportation (1975) on Impacts 0/ Climatic Change on the Biosphere and by the U.S. Department of Energy (1980) on Environmental and 0/ a Possible CO -Induced Climatic Change (the ClAP Societal Consequences 2 study). These were pioneering projects in a young field. Their emphasis was on measuring likely impacts of climatic variations rather than on evaluating possible responses, and they focused on first-order impacts (e.g., on crop yields) rather than on higher-order effects on society. A logical next step was to look at higher-order effects and potential responses, as part of a more integrated approach to impact assessment. This was undertaken by the World Climate Impact Program (WCIP), which is directed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The WCIP is one of four aspects of the World Ciimate Program, which was initiated in 1979.
目次
I. The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture: Introduction to the IIASA/UNEP Case Studies in Semi-Arid Regions.- List of Contributors.- Abstracts.- 1. The assessment of effects of climatic variations on agriculture: A summary of results from studies in semi-arid regions.- 2. The choice of first-order impact models for semi-arid regions.- 3. Climate and climatic variability in semi-arid regions at low altitudes.- II. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in Central and Eastern Kenya.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction to the Kenya case study.- 2. Drought climatology and development of the climatic scenarios.- 3. The effects on agroclimatic zones and agricultural production.- 4. The effects on maize yields.- 5. The effects on livestock production.- 6. Smallholder vulnerability and response to drought.- 7. Implications for policy.- Acknowledgments.- References.- III. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in Northeast Brazil.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction: Drought as a policy and planning issue in Northeast Brazil.- 2. The climatology of droughts and drought prediction.- 3. The effects on crop yields: A simulation approach.- 4. The effects on agricultural production and yields.- 5. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- Abbreviations and Acronyms.- References.- IV. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in the Central Sierra of Ecuador.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction: Vulnerability to climatic variations.- 2. Selection of the climatic scenarios.- 3. The vulnerability of indigenous farming systems to climatic variations.- 4. The effects of climatic variations and agricultural practices on barley yields.- 5. The effects of variations in mean temperatures and frost risk.- 6. The effects on zones of agroclimatic suitability for crops.- 7. The effects on Holdridge Life Zones.- 8. Conclusions and implications for policies of rural development.- References.- V. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in Dry Tropical Regions of India.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effects of monsoon variability on agriculture.- 3. Effects on agricultural productivity.- 4. Village-level farm adjustment to rainfall variability.- 5. Conclusions and implications.- Acknowledgments.- References.- VI. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in the Semi-arid Zone of the European USSR.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- A. The Stavropol Territory.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background to the methods, models and scenarios.- 3. The effects on crop production and crop allocation.- 4. Conclusions and implications for agricultural planning and policy.- B. The Saratov Region.- 5. Introduction.- 6. The effects on spring wheat yields.- 7. Optimal strategies for allocating land to grain crops.- 8. Conclusions and recommendations.- References.- VII. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in the Australian Wheatbelt.- List of Contributors.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction: Policy and planning issues for the Australian wheat industry.- 2. Climatic patterns and variability in the Australian wheatbelt.- 3. Socioeconomic impacts of climatic variability.- 4. Implications for policy makers and planners.- Acknowledgments.- References.
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