Foundational problems in the special sciences
著者
書誌事項
Foundational problems in the special sciences
（Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, London, Ontario, Canada, 1975, pt. 2）（The University of Western Ontario series in philosophy of science, v. 10）
D. Reidel, c1977
- pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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ISBN 9789027707109
内容説明
The Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science was held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 27 August to 2 September 1975. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, and was sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada and the University of Western Ontario. As those associated closely with the work of the Division over the years know weIl, the work undertaken by its members varies greatly and spans a number of fields not always obviously related. In addition, the volume of work done by first rate scholars and scientists in the various fields of the Division has risen enormously. For these and related reasons it seemed to the editors chosen by the Divisional officers that the usual format of publishing the proceedings of the Congress be abandoned in favour of a somewhat more flexible, and hopefully acceptable, method of pre sentation. Accordingly, the work of the invited participants to the Congress has been divided into four volumes appearing in the University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. The volumes are entitled, Logic, Foundations of Mathematics and Computability Theory, Foun dational Problems in the Special Sciences, Basic Problems in Methodol ogy and Linguistics, and Historical and Philosophical Dimensions of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
目次
I/Foundations of The Physical Sciences.- Genesis and Observership.- The Methodology of Physics and Topology.- Axiomatics and the Search for the Foundations of Physics.- II/The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- What is Philosophically Interesting about Quantum Mechanics?.- Completeness and Realism in Quantum Mechanics.- III/Foundations of biology.- The Ontological Status of Species as Evolutionary Units.- Theories and Observations of Developmental Biology.- Organic Determinism and Teleology in Biological Research.- Explicit and Implicit Semantic Content of the Genetic Information.- IV/Foundations of Psychology.- Consciousness and the Brain.- Causality and Action.- Methodological Aspects of Analysis of Activity.- V/The Status of Learning Theories.- A Survey of Contemporary Learning Theories.- Conditioning as the Perception of Causal Relations.- Leanable Functions.- VI/Foundations of The Social Sciences.- The Methodology of Social Knowledge and the Problem of the Integration of the Sciences.- VII/Justice and Social Change.- Welfare Inequalities and Rawlsian Axiomatics.- Nonlinear Social Welfare Functions: A Rejoinder to Prof. Sen.- Non Linear Social Welfare Functions: A Reply to Prof. Harsanyi.- The Measurement of Social Inequality.- VIII/Rationality in Social Sciences.- Advances in Understanding Rational Behavior.- Towards a Unified Decision Theory: A Non-Bayesian Approach.- On the Rationale of the Bayesian Approach: Comments on Prof. Watkins's Paper.- The Dual Function of Rationality.- Index of Names.
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pbk ISBN 9789027707116
内容説明
In two earlier volumes, entitled The Logico-Algebraic Approach to Quan tum Mechanics (hereafter LAA I, II), I have presented collections of research papers which trace out the historical development and contem porary flowering of a particular approach to physical theory. One might characterise this approach as the extraction of an abstract logico-algebraic skeleton from each physical theory and the reconstruction of the physical theory as construction of mathematical and interpretive 'flesh' (e. g. , measures, operators, mappings etc. ) on this skeleton. The idea is to show how the specific features of a theory that are easily seen in application (e. g. , 'interference' among observables in quantum mechanics) arise out of the character of its core abstract structure. In this fashion both the deeper nature of a theory (e. g. , in what precise sense quantum mechanics is strongly statistical) and the deeper differences between theories (e. g. clas sical mechanics, though also a 'mechanics', is not strongly statistical) are penetratingly illuminated. What I would describe as the 'mainstream' logico-algebraic tradition is captured in these two collections of papers (LAA I, II). The abstract, structural approach to the characterisation of physical theory has been the basis of a striking transformation, in this century, in the understanding of theories in mathematical physics. There has emerged clearly the idea that physical theories are most significantly characterised by their abstract structural components.
目次
Process Philosophy and Quantum Dynamics.- Formal Languages and the Foundations of Physics.- Is the Hilbert space language too rich?.- Generalized Quantum Mechanics.- Quantum Logic.- The Operational Approach to Quantum Mechanics.- Completeness of Quantum Logic.- Quantum Logical Calculi and Lattice Structures.- An Operational Approach to Quantum Probability.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.
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