Air pollution and forests : interactions between air contaminants and forest ecosystems
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書誌事項
Air pollution and forests : interactions between air contaminants and forest ecosystems
（Springer series on environmental management）
Springer-Verlag, c1981
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注記
Includes bibliographies and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environmental management. Each volume will be a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental objective of these books is to help the reader discern and implement man's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable resources. For we must strive to under- stand the relationship between man and nature, act to bring harmony to it, and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other individual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance with the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to man, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water, and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management.
It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem.
目次
1. Introduction.- A. Air Pollution.- B. Forest Ecosystems.- C. Interactions between Air Pollutants and Forest Ecosystems.- References.- Section I. Forests Function as Sources and Sinks for Air Contaminants-Class I Interactions.- 2. Role of Forests in Major Element Cycles: Carbon, Sulfur, and Nitrogen.- A. Carbon Pollutants.- B. Sulfur Pollutants.- C. Nitrogen Pollutants.- D. Summary.- References.- 3. Forests as Sources of Hydrocarbons, Particulates, and Other Contaminants.- A. Volatile Hydrocarbons.- B. Particulates.- C. Forest Fires.- D. Summary.- References.- 4. Forests as Sinks for Air Contaminants: Soil Compartment.- A. Forest Soils as Particulate Sinks.- B. Forest Soils as Sinks for Atmospheric Gases.- C. Summary.- References.- 5. Forests as Sinks for Air Contaminants: Vegetative Compartment.- A. Forest Vegetation as a Sink for Particulate Contaminants.- B. Forest Vegetation as a Sink for Gaseous Contaminants.- C. Summary.- References.- 6. Class I Summary: Relative Importance of Forest Source and Sink Strength and Some Potential Consequences of These Functions.- A. Forests as Sources of Air Pollutants.- B. Forests as Sinks for Air Pollutants.- References.- Section II. Forests are Influenced by Air Contaminants in a Subtle Manner - Class II Interactions.- 7. Forest Tree Reproduction: Influence of Air Pollutants.- A. Pollen Production and Function.- B. Flower, Cone and Seed Production.- C. Seedling Development.- D. Summary.- References.- 8. Forest Nutrient Cycling: Influence of Trace Metal Pollutants.- A. Organisms Involved in the Decomposition Process.- B. Measurement of Organic Matter Decomposition Rate and Microbial Biomass.- C. Trace Metal Influence on Litter Decomposition.- D. Trace Metal Impact on Soil Processes.- E. Trace Metal Influence on Soil Enzymes.- F. Summary.- References.- 9. Forest Nutrient Cycling: Influence of Acid Precipitation.- A. Acid Precipitation and Vegetative Leaching.- B. Acid Precipitation and Soil Leaching.- C. Acid Precipitation and Soil Weathering.- D. Summary.- References.- 10. Forest Nutrient Cycling: Influence of Air Pollutants on Symbiotic Microorganisms.- A. Fungal Symbionts.- B. Bacterial Symbionts.- C. Other Nitrogen-Fixing Organisms.- D. Summary.- References.- 11. Forest Metabolism: Influence of Air Contaminants on Photosynthesis and Respiration.- A. Constraints on Photosynthesis.- B. Photosynthetic Suppression: Nonwoody Species.- C. Photosynthetic Suppression: Forest Tree Seedlings.- D. Photosynthetic Suppression: Forest Tree Saplings.- E. Photosynthetic Suppression: Large Forest Trees.- F. Photosynthetic Response to Air Contaminants: Mechanisms of Suppression.- G. Summary.- References.- 12. Forest Stress: Influence of Air Pollutants on Phytophagous Forest Insects.- A. Sulfur Dioxide.- B. Ozone.- C. Fluoride.- D. Trace Metals.- E. Other Air Pollutants.- F. Summary.- References.- 13. Forest Stress: Influence of Air Pollutants on Disease Caused by Microbial Pathogens.- A. Sulfur Dioxide.- B. Ozone.- C. Fluoride.- D. Particulates.- E. Other Air Contaminants.- F. Summary.- References.- 14. Forest Stress: Symptomatic Foliar Damage Caused by Air Contaminants.- A. Limitations on Generalizations Concerning Direct Air Pollutant Influence on Trees.- B. Sulfur Dioxide.- C. Nitrogen Oxides.- D. Ozone.- E. Peroxyacetylnitrate.- F. Fluoride.- G. Trace Metals.- H. Other Air Contaminants.- I. Summary.- References.- 15. Class II Summary: Forest Responds by Exhibiting Alterations in Growth, Biomass, Species Composition, Disease, and Insect Outbreaks.- A. Forest Growth Reduction Caused by Air Pollution.- B. Altered Succession and Species Composition.- C. Altered Forest Pest Influence.- D. Case Study: Response of a Forest Ecosystem to Air Pollution.- E. Summary.- References.- Section III Forest Ecosystems are Influenced by Air Contaminants in a Dramatic Manner-Class III Interactions.- 16. Forest Ecosystem Destruction: A Localized Response to Excessive Air Pollution.- A. Sulfur Dioxide.- B. Fluorides.- C. Other Pollutants.- D. Summary.- References.- 17. Synopsis and Prognosis.- A. Relative Importance of Specific Air Pollutants to Forest Ecosystems.- B. Relative Importance of Air Pollutants for Specific Forest Regions: United States Case Summary.- C. Research Needs.- D. Conclusion.- References.- Appendix Common and Scientific Names of Woody Plants Cited in This Book.
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