Body fat and physical fitness : body composition and lipid metabolism in different regimes of physical activity
著者
書誌事項
Body fat and physical fitness : body composition and lipid metabolism in different regimes of physical activity
Martinus Nijhoff, 1977
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注記
Bibliography: p. 262-279
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Man develops during phylogenesis and ontogenesis as an active creature and his most striking external manifestations include physical activity. From this ensue efforts to investigate the human organism with regard to its functional diagnosis mainly during activity, in relation to the level of that physical activity. The amount and qualitative aspect of physical activity is subject to some laws associated with the developmental stage, type of higher nervous activity, health, nutritional status, external environment inc!. social position, profession, hobbies, etc.; thus it is also one of the important ecological factors. During the period before the onset of technical civilization physical fitness and performance were essential prerequisites for survival and successful existence. At present and from the aspect of the perspective development of our civilization the importance of physical fitness is pushed into the background; nevertheless adequate physical activity level is even today an important prerequisite for normal function of the organism as a whole.
目次
I. Body composition and metabolic activity of tissues during ontogenesis.- 1. Ratio of lean body mass and fat in relation to energy turnover.- 2. Composition of lean body mass.- 3. Composition and metabolic activity of adipose tissue.- 4. Lipid metabolism in muscular tissue.- II. Lean body mass and depot fat during ontogenesis in humans.- 1. Changes in subcutaneous fat during ontogenesis.- 2. Ontogenetic changes of the total body fat and lean body mass ratio.- 3. Relationship of total and subcutaneous fat during ontogenesis.- 4. Results of comparison of skinfolds measured by means of different calipers.- III. Changes in the maximum level of metabolic activity of lean body mass during ontogenesis.- 1. Changes of the relationship of aerobic capacity and lean body mass during ontogenesis.- 2. Changes in the capillary network in skeletal muscle in relation to body composition and aerobic capacity.- IV. Some consequences of adaptation to increased or restricted activity during ontogenesis.- 1. Growth curves and body composition during adaptation to different loads.- 2. Caloric intake and physical activity.- 3. Catecholamine synthesis and degradation in relation to physical activity and body composition.- 4. Excitability of the central nervous system in relation to physical activity and body composition.- V. Influence of adaptation to increased muscle work on body composition in relation to caloric intake in man.- 1. Changes in body composition after adaptation to increased muscle work.- 2. Caloric intake during periods with different physical activity.- VI. Adaptation to increased muscular work: consequences in adipose tissue.- 1. Metabolic activity of adipose tissue and fatty acid utilization during adaptation to different loads.- 2. Deoxyribonucleic acid content in adipose tissue during adaptation to different loads.- 3. Fatty acid uptake and their inflow rate to adipose tissue in animals with different levels of activity.- 4. Ratio of individual fatty acids in adipose tissue.- VII. Adaptation to different loads: consequences in the lipid metabolism of skeletal and heart muscle and other organs.- 1. Weight, fibre size and percentage of fat in muscles during different activities and in different age groups.- 2. Lipoprotein lipase activity in heart and skeletal muscle after adaptation to different loads.- 3. Cholesterol formation during different levels of physical activity.- 4. Influence of increased physical activity during prenatal ontogenesis on the lipid metabolism in the offspring.- VIII. Effect of increased physical activity on body composition during growth in different groups of children (longitudinal studies).- 1. Somatic and functional development of preschool children.- 2. Body build and body composition in boys engaged and not engaged in physical training.- 3. Body composition in relation to aerobic capacity in boys.- 4. Functional characteristics and composition of weight increments in boys with different physical activity during adolescence.- 5. Stability of body composition characteristics in boys during adolescence.- 6. Influence of physical activity on stability of somatotype in boys during adolescence.- 7. Body build and composition of girl gymnasts and of non-training girls.- 8. Comparison of the development of body composition in girls and boys engaged in swimming training.- 9. Relationship between development of body weight, body composition and functional development.- 10. Body composition and fitness of youth in relation to socio-economic conditions.- IX. Consequences of adaptation to increased physical activity in obese children.- 1. Somatic characteristics of obese children.- 2. Heart volume in obese children.- 3. Economy of work in obese children.- 4. Effect of adaptation to prolonged increased load on body composition and indicators of the lipid metabolism in blood.- 5. Changes in the response of vegetative functions to a load in obese children after weight and fat reduction.- 6. Changes of anthropometric indicators after repeated reductions of body fat during growth in obese children.- 7. Conditions for the maintenance of reduction of body fat during repeated treatment.- 8. Changes in the aerobic capacity after weight reduction in obese boys.- 9. Consequences of reduction treatment of child obesity in adult age.- X. Body composition and body build of champion athletes in relation to fitness and performance.- 1. Characteristics of body build and composition of champion athletes.- 2. Lean body mass in relation to functional characteristics in champion athletes.- 3. Changes in body composition during Olympic training of gymnasts.- 4. Body composition during excessive training.- XI. Body composition, body build and fitness of elderly men with a different life-long regime of physical activity.- 1. Body composition and body build in active and inactive men of advanced age.- 2. Body composition in relation to aerobic capacity.- 3. Body composition in relation to muscular strength.- 4. Body composition in relation to sports performance.- 5. Density of the capillary network in skeletal muscle and body composition.- 6. Indicators of the lipid metabolism in blood in relation to physical activity and body composition.- 7. Long-term investigation (8 - 10 years) of changes in body composition and somatic characteristics in old men with different activity.- 8. Body composition and somatic indicators with regard to the perspective of longevity.- 9. Relationship of body composition and changes in performance and aerobic capacity of old men after 8 - 10 years.- XII. Relationship between body composition and physical activity and the development of experimental cardiac necrosis in male rats of different age.- 1. Effect of age, body weight and body composition on the development of experimental myocardial necrosis in made rats.- 2. Effect of adaptation to increased or reduced physical activity.- 3. Density of the capillary network in the heart muscle in male rats after a different load during postnatal ontogenesis.- 4. The impact of work load during prenatal ontogenesis on the subsequent development of the offspring.- XIII. Summary.- XIV. General conclusions and perspectives.- References.
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