Constitutional heads and political crises : Commonwealth episodes, 1945-85

書誌事項

Constitutional heads and political crises : Commonwealth episodes, 1945-85

edited by D.A. Low

(Cambridge commonwealth series)

Macmillan, 1988

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注記

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This selection of essays examines some of the constitutional crises throughout the Commonwalth since the Second World War, from Australia, Ceylon, Pakistan, Nigeria, Fiji, India, Grenada, Malaysia and Canada. Constitutional crises in which a Governor-General suddenly becomes deeply and personally involved have occurred many times over recent years. The fundamentals of Britains's system of constitutional monarchy, in which a non-executive constitutional head of state is sharply distinguished from a political head of government, has now been extensively replicated throughout the Commonwealth. In all, around 85 analoges of the British system can be listed there. Not only are these to be found in countries whose constitutional heads of state are Governors-General (such as Jamaica or New Zealand), or non-executive Presidents (such as India or Zimbabwe), or hereditary Kings (such as Swaziland or Tonga), but in the Canadian provinces, the Malaysian Sultanates, and the Indian and Australian states. Despite the fact that the number of such offices has increased very substantially since so many Commonwealth countries became independent in the years following the Second World War, very little attention has been given to how these offices ordinarily function, how their holders have generally performed, or what they have done when they have been faced by a politico-constitutional crisis. While it is unusual for a Governor-General to dismiss a Prime Minister (as in Australia in 1975) or to try to curb a military coup (as in Fiji in 1987), the occasions when such constitutional heads of state have necessary become publicly involved have been far more numerous than is ordinarily appreciated.

目次

  • Introduction - Buckingham Palace and the Westminster model, D.A.Low
  • setting a precedent by breaking a precedent - Lord Soulbury in Ceylon, 1952, J.Manor
  • Governors and politicians - the Australian states principally in the 1940s and 1950s, J.Paul
  • a Governor-General's two dismissals - the Pakistan episodes, 1953-54, A.Jalal
  • politics, law and constitutionalism - the 1962 Western region crisis in Nigeria, J.O'Connell
  • the dismissal of a Prime Minister - Australia 11 November 1975, D.A.Low
  • the Governor-General's part in a constitutional crisis - Fiji 1977, D.J.Murray
  • seeking the greater power and constitutional change - India's President and the parliamentary crisis of 1979, J.Manor
  • a revolutionary Governor-General - the Grenada crisis of 1983, P.Fraser
  • the conventions of ministerial resignations - the Queensland coalition crisis of 1983, D.J.Markwell
  • princes and politicians - the constitutional crisis in Malaysia, 1983-84, A.J.Stockwell
  • the double role of the Indian governors - Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh 1984, D.G.Verney
  • the crises that didn't happen - Canada 1945-85, J.R.Mallory.

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