Computed tomography of the retroperitoneum : an anatomical and pathological atlas with emphasis on the fascial planes
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Bibliographic Information
Computed tomography of the retroperitoneum : an anatomical and pathological atlas with emphasis on the fascial planes
（Series in radiology, [8]）
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers , Distributors for the United States and Canada, Kluwer Boston, 1983
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Note
Bibliography: p. [175]-185
Includes index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
With the advent of CT we entered a new area of radiological imaging. Structures which rarely if ever were seen became apparent. In no part of the body was the impact of CT as profound as it was in the retroperitoneum. In the pre-CT area this region of the body could not be directly studied and only when gross abnormalities were present could they be appreciated. The best we could do was to try to identify a suspected process by studying its effect on surrounding organs whose position might have been affected by the growth. Urography, barium studies or angiography were employed in the hope that variation in the position of the vessels, ureter or bowel would lead us to the correct diagnosis. With computed tomography all this changed. Modern scanners, available to all today, permit us to appreciate details undreamed of only few years ago. The abundance of fat in this region helps to clearly show even the smallest of structures. We now have the ability to recognize small vessels, lymph nodes and fascial planes. We had a tool which permitted us to study structures which hitherto were only seen by the anatomist or during surgical dissection.
Table of Contents
1. Case Material and Methods.- 1.1. Case materials.- 1.2. CT techniques.- 1.3. Patient preparation and contrast enhancement.- 2. Review of the literature. Anatomic considerations. Identification by CT.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. History.- 2.3. Compartments of the retroperitoneum.- 2.3.1. Anatomy of the anterior pararenal space and CT identification.- 2.3.2. Anatomy of the perirenal space and CT identification.- 2.3.3. Anatomy of the posterior pararenal space and CT identification.- 2.4. Arrangements of the renal fascia.- 2.4.1. Introduction.- 2.4.2. Embryology.- 2.4.3. Histology.- 2.4.3.1. Review of literature.- 2.4.3.2. Original studies.- 2.4.4. Identification by CT of the renal fascia.- 2.4.4.1. Limitations of CT technique.- 2.4.4.2. When is the renal fascia called normal on CT.- 2.4.4.3. Vascularity of renal fascia: bolus technique.- 2.4.5. Cranial extent of anterior renal fascia: anatomy and identification by CT.- 2.4.6. Lateral extent of both renal fasciae: anatomy and identification by CT.- 2.4.7. Medial extent of anterior renal fascia and its relation to the contralateral fascia: anatomy and identification by CT.- 2.4.8. Cranial and medial extension of posterior renal fascia: anatomy and identification by CT.- 2.4.9. Medial fusion of anterior and posterior ipsilateral renal fascia: anatomy and identification by CT.- 2.4.10. Location of the ureter: anatomy and identification by CT.- 2.4.11. Apex of the perirenal cone: anatomy and identification by CT.- 2.4.12. Significance of fibrous strands in retroperitoneum: identification by CT.- 3. Gerota's Fascia And Intraabdominal Fluid.- 3.1. Hemorrhage in retroperitoneum.- 3.1.1. General considerations.- 3.1.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 3.2. Urinary extravasation in retroperitoneum.- 3.2.1. General considerations.- 3.2.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 3.3. Acute and chronic inflammation of organs and structures in the retroperitoneal subspaces.- 3.3.1. Introduction.- 3.3.2. Infections in anterior and pararenal space.- 3.3.2.1. General considerations and illustrative non-pancreatic cases.- 3.3.2.2. Pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections: general considerations.- 3.3.2.3. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 3.3.3. Infections in perirenal space.- 3.3.3.1. CT findings and illustrative cases in infectious renal disease: acute pyelonephritis, renal abscess, infected renal cyst, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, tuberculosis of the kidney, renal echinococcosis and 'chronic atrophic pyelonephritis'.- 3.3.3.2. CT findings and illustrative cases in perirenal abscess.- 3.3.4. Infections in posterior pararenal space.- 3.3.4.1. General considerations. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 3.3.5. Muscular abscesses next to the retroperitoneum: iliopsoas muscle.- 3.3.5.1. General considerations.- 3.3.5.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 3.3.6. Infections in the midline.- 3.3.6.1. General considerations and CT findings.- 3.3.7. Miscellaneous group: Perianeurysmal fibrosis and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.- 3.3.7.1. Perianeurysmal fibrosis: CT findings and illustrative cases.- 3.3.7.2. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: CT findings and illustrative cases.- 3.4. Intraperitoneal fluid.- 3.4.1. General considerations.- 3.4.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4. Gerota's Fascia And Infiltrating Malignancies.- 4.1. Primary retroperitoneal tumors.- 4.1.1. General considerations.- 4.1.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4.2. Renal cell carcinoma.- 4.2.1. General considerations.- 4.2.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4.2.3. Recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4.3. Renal pelvis carcinoma.- 4.3.1. General considerations.- 4.3.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4.4. Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma).- 4.4.1. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4.5. Adrenal tumors.- 4.5.1. General considerations.- 4.5.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4.6. Pancreatic tumor.- 4.6.1. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 4.7. Duodenum and ascending or descending colon tumor.- 4.7.1. CT findings and illustrative cases.- 5. Gerota's Fascia Associated With LYMPH Node Disease of the Retrope- Ritoneum.- 5.1. General considerations.- 5.2. CT findings and illustrative cases.- Discussion of the Results.- Summary.- List of References.
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