CiNii Books - Armored scale insects : their biology, natural enemies and control

This volume presents an up-to-date account of armored scale insects (Homoptera: Diaspididas), a family of highly specialized insects, many of which are important agricultural pests. Being sedentary, colonial and rather cryptic, many species have invaded new countries with important host plants. This has made them prime targets for biological control by natural enemies. No other book has attempted to present such a rounded picture of this important group. It covers all aspects: morphology, systematics, phylogeny, biology, ecology, natural enemies (pathogens, predators, parasites), pest status, control measures (quarantine, eradication, monitoring, chemical control, biological control, mechanical control, integrated control), as well as pest problems and control on specific crops, from a worldwide perspective. The armored scale insects: their morphology, systematics and phylogeny; reproductive biology and genetics; development biology and physiology; ecology; and techiques for their study is handled in Volume A. The book is intended for a broad audience: professional entomologists, extension specialists, pest control operators and advanced horticulturists and agriculturists, as well as biologists, naturalists and environmentalists (the latter should find the strong emphasis on natural enemies and biological control of interest).

Table of Contents

1. THE ARMORED SCALE INSECTS. Morphology, Systematics and Phylogeny. Diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships (Y. Ben-Dov). External Morphology: The adult female (S. Takagi)
The adult male (J.H. Giliomee)
The immature stages (J.O. Howell, H.H. Tippins)
The scale cover (I. Foldi)
Pupillarial forms (J.O. Howell, H.H. Tippins)
Polymorphism (S. Takagi). Internal anatomy (I. Foldi). Systematics: Status of our knowledge of diaspidoid systematics (Y. Ben-Dov)
Taxonomic characters (Y. Ben-Dov)
Evolution of classificatory systems (Y. Ben-Dov)
Classification of diaspidoid and related coccoidea (Y. Ben-Dov)
Biosystematics (U. Gerson). Zoogeographical considerations (F. Kozar). Paleontology (J. Koteja). Coevolution of armored scale insects and their host plants: Speciation processes (M.S. McClure). Phylogeny (D.R. Miller). Reproductive biology and genetics. Chromosomes, sex ratios, and sex determination (U. Nur). Parthenogenesis (U. Nur). Oocytes and spermatozoa formation (I. Foldi). Sperm ultrastructure, behaviour, and evolution (W.G. Robison). Pheromones (M.J. Gieselmann): Pheromones and mating behavior (M.J. Gieselmann)
Pheromone identification and chemistry (M.J. Gieselmann). Developmental biology and physiology. Embryonic development, ovipary and vivipary (J. Koteja). Life history (J. Koteja). Stylet formation and renewal (E. Tremblay). Molting and scale cover formation (I. Foldi). Physiology and biochemistry (H.J. Banks). Endosymbionts (E. Tremblay). Ecology. Habitats and hosts (M.S. McClure). Host Relationships: Impact on host plants (M.S. McClure)
Gall formation (H.G. Larew)
Patterns of host specificity (M.S. McClure). Crawler behaviour and dispersal (D.J. Greathead). Patterns of temporal and spatial distribution (M.S. McClure). Seasonal history (M.S. McClure). Influence of environmental factors (M.S. McClure). Life tables, models and population dynamics (M.S. McClure). Relationships with ants (Y. Ben-Dov). Techniques. Collection, preservation and microslide mounting (R.F. Wilkey). Iodine test for determining live and dead scale insects (I. Ishaaya, E. Swirski). Rearing and mass rearing (M. Rose). Studying chromosomes (U. Nur).

Volume: v. B ISBN 9780444429025

Table of Contents

2. THE NATURAL ENEMIES. Entomopathogenic fungi (H.G. Evans, C. Prior). Predators. Coccinellidae (J.J. Drea, R.D. Gordon). Other coleoptera (J.J. Drea). Neuroptera (J.J. Drea). Cecidomyiidae and other diptera (K.M. Harris). Thysanoptera (J.M. Palmer, L.A. Mound). Acari (U. Gerson et al). Ectoparasites (D. Rosen, P. DeBach). Endoparasites. Aphelinidae (G. Viggiani). Encyrtidae (J.S. Noyes). Signiphoridae (J.B. Woolley). Hyperparasites (G. Viggiani). Ecology and efficacy of natural enemies. Natural enemies and prey population regulation (C.B. Huffaker, A.P. Gutierrez). The attributes of effective natural enemies (C.B. Huffaker, D. Rosen). Effects of environmental factors on natural enemies of armored scale insects (C.B. Huffaker). Host resistance: Encapsulation of parasites (D. Blumberg). Techniques. Sampling for natural enemies (M. Rose). Preparation for scientific study: Coleoptera and neuroptera (J.J. Drea)
Cecidomyiidae (K.M. Harris)
Thysanoptera (J.M. Palmer, L.A. Mound)
Mites (B.M. O'Conner, M.A. Houck)
Chalcid parasitoids (J.S. Noyes). Rearing and mass rearing of natural enemies (M. Rose). Analysis of the gut contents of predators (Z. Mendel et al). Toxicological test methods (A. Havron, D. Rosen). 3. DAMAGE AND CONTROL. Armored scale insects as pests. A list of the armored scale insect pests (D.R. Miller, J.A. Davidson). Economic importance (M. Kosztarab). Quarantine problems and procedures (H.C. Burger, S.A. Ulenberg). Eradication (R.J. Gill). Forecasting and monitoring infestations. Forecasting (F. Kozar). Sampling and census-taking (F. Kozar). Use of pheromone traps (M.J. Gieselmann, R.E. Rice). Remote sensing as a tool to detect factors influencing armored scale insect populations (W.G. Hart). Economic thresholds (L.J. Moffitt, J.L. Baritelle). Chemical control. Control chemicals (L.A. Riehl). Insect growth regulators (B. Darvas, L. Varjas). Chemical control of males (N. Angerilli). Biological control. Introduction (D. Rosen). Foreign Exploration and importation of natural enemies (M. Rose, P. DeBach). Augmentation of natural enemies: Periodic colonization (M. Rose)
Genetic improvement of natural enemies of armored scale insects (M.A. Hoy)
Potential for semiochemical manipulation of beneficial insects against scale insects (S.B. Vinson). Conservation of natural enemies (M. Rose, P. DeBach). Evaluation of efficiency of natural enemies in biological control (C.B. Huffaker, A.P. Gutierrez). Case histories (D. Rosen). Mechanical control: High-pressure rinsing of fruit (E.C.G. Bedford). Integrated pest management. IPM: Background and general methodology (D. Rosen). A case history: IPM on citrus in israel (Y. Roessler, D. Rosen). The systems approach to integrated pest management, with emphasis on the armored scale insects (G.C. Brown, D.A. Potter). Diaspidid pest problems and control in crops. Citrus (M. Rose). Other tropical fruit trees and shrubs (T.H. Chua, B.J. Wood). Tea (S. Nagarkatti, T. Sankaran). Sugar cane (J.R. Williams, D.J. Greathead). Olive (L.C. Argyriou). Date palm (C. Benassy). Deciduous fruit trees (F. Kozar). Ornamental plants (J.A. Davidson, D.R. Miller). Forests (J. Zahradnik): Conifers
Other forests. Bamboo (Y. Ben-Dov).

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Armored scale insects : their biology, natural enemies and control

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