Social support, life events, and depression

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Bibliographic Information

Social support, life events, and depression

edited by Nan Lin, Alfred Dean, Walter M. Ensel

Academic Press, 1986

  • : pbk.

Available at  / 17 libraries

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Note

Bibliography: p. 343-361

Includes indexes

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Social Support, Life Events, and Depression describes a research program that looked into the social process of mental health. This research program provided an arena for opportunities to explore many topics concerning the relationships among social support, life events, and mental health (primarily depressive symptoms). The volume is organized into six parts. Part I sets the background and scope of the study. Part II focuses on the dependent variable (depression), one of the two independent variables (life events], and the key control variable [psychological resources). Part III describes the measurement of social support. Part IV examines the basic models involving social support, life events, psychological resources, and depression. Part V proceeds to examine the reduced basic model in terms of a number of factors, such as age, sex, marital status, social class, and history of prior illness. Part VI discusses several specific issues regarding the dynamics of social support. This book is intended primarily for researchers, scientists, professionals, and instructors who are interested in examining both conceptual and methodological issues regarding social factors in mental health. Thus, those working in the area of public health, social and behavioral sciences, and medical professions may find this book useful. Because of the way the chapters are organized, it is possible for researchers and practitioners alike to select and read chapters pertinent to their specific interests.

Table of Contents

Contributors Preface Acknowledgments Part I Identifying Basic Issues and Approach 1 Social Support in Epidemiological Perspective Introduction Conceptualization Measurements Causal Modeling Specifications and Elaborations 2 Conceptualizing Social Support Introduction Conceptualizations of Social Support The Synthetic Definition of Social Support Further Discussion of the Synthetic Definition A Theory of Social Resources and Social Support Discussion 3 Study Design and Data The Albany Area Health Survey The Pretest Sampling Design Representativeness of the Sample The Interview Schedules Time Frames for Questions The Interviewing Staff Summary Part II Measuring Depression, Life Events, and Psychological Resources 4 Measuring Depression: the CES-D Scale Introduction Measuring Depression: Mood, Symptom, or Syndrome? The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale: History of Development Types of Depressive Symptomatology Reliability and Validity of the CES-D Scale in the Current Study: A Comparison with Previous Work Relationship of the CES-D Scale over Time The CES-D and Clinical Caseness Summary 5 Measuring Life Events Introduction The Stress(or) Construct Analytic Tasks Our Measurement of Life Events Statistical Description of Life-Events Scales Conclusions 6 Measuring Psychological Resources Introduction Present Objectives The Concept of Personal Competence The Concept of Self-Esteem Over-Time Correlations Testing the Proxy Issue Factor Analyses of Personal Competence and Self-Esteem Summary Part III Measuring Social Support 7 Measuring Intimate Support: the Family and Confidant Relationships Introduction Analysis of the Medalie-Goldbourt Scale of Family Relationships Confidant Support: Conceptualization and Measurement Discussion Summary and Conclusions 8 Measuring the Instrumental and Expressive Functions of Social Support Scale Development Total Scale Reliability and Validity Determining Dimensions of the Instrumental and Expressive Items Factor Analysis Further Development: Strong-Tie Support Reliability and Validity of Strong-Tie Support Criticisms of the Instrumental and Expressive Supportive Scales: An Empirical Test Summary and Implications 9 Measuring Community and Network Support Introduction Community Support Network Support Concluding Remarks Part IV Constructing and Estimating Basic Models 10 Modeling the Effects of Social Support Introduction Modeling the Effects of Social Support Properties and Implications of the Models Evidence from Other Studies Data and the Analytic Technique The Additive Models (Models 2, 3, and 4) Class A Models Class ? Models Class C Models The Interactive Models Models of Joint Additive and Interactive Effects Conclusions Part V Exploring Basic Models 11 The Age Structure and the Stress Process Relationship between Age and Depression Construction of Age Categories Age-Related Effects of Life Events and Social Support on Depression Further Age-Group Refinements Summary and Implications 12 Sex, Marital Status, and Depression: the Role of Life Events and Social Support Gender, Marital Status, and Depression: a Review The Confounding Issue: Marital Status as a Stressor or as a Social Support The Model of Sex, Marital Status, Life Events, Social Support, and Depression Sex, Marital Status, and Depression Sex, Marital Status, Life Events, and Social Support Independent Effects of Life Events and Social Support Joint Effects, Mediating Effects, and Interaction Effects Summary and Implications 13 Social Glass and Depressive Symptomatology Introduction Male-Female Class Difference in Vulnerability Socioeconomic Characteristics of Males and Females Social Class, Life Events, Social Support, and Depression Class-Oriented Effects of Life Events and Social Support on Depression Class and the Mediating Role of Social Support Class and the Suppressing Role of Social Support Summary 14 Prior History of Illness in the Basic Model Prior History of Illness The Event-Proneness Model Physical Illness and Psychological Distress Models to be Examined The Measure of Adverse Physical Health Model 1: The Event-Proneness Hypothesis (Physical Illness and Life Events) Model 2: The Modified Event-Proneness Hypothesis: Prior Physical Illness, Life Events, and Subsequent Psychological Symptoms Model 3: The Basic Model (Life Events, Social Support, and Depression) with Prior Illness Conclusions Part VI Examining Alternative Approaches to the Basic Models 15 Gender of the Confidant and Depression Gender Differences in Well-Being Data and Measurement Marital Change and Confidants Multivariate Analysis Summary and Discussion 16 Buffering the Impact of the Most Important Life Event Introduction Prerequisites and Elements of the Buffering Model Design and Hypotheses The Measures Effect of the Most Important Life Event Buffering Effects of Strong Ties Discussion 17 Epilogue: In Retrospect and Prospect Summary of Major Findings Future Research Agenda Toward a Theory of the Internal Structure of Social Support References Author Index Subject Index

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