Industrial load management : theory, practice, and simulations
著者
書誌事項
Industrial load management : theory, practice, and simulations
（Energy research, vol. 7）
Elsevier , Distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1989
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注記
Bibliography: p. 205-210
内容説明・目次
内容説明
During the last decades, ever since load management was first considered as a way of reducing the peak loads of electric power systems, interest has focussed on residential and commercial customers. All kinds of load management programs have been implemented for groups of these customer classes. This book concentrates on electricity demand by industrial customers and the specific load management alternatives that can be adopted by industry. All branches of industry have been studied and the book contains branch-wise information about total energy use and specified use of electricity and fuels. The main electric power demanding processes and equipment are identified and the load characteristics are described. Theoretical aspects are combined with guidance on practical performance. The book also contains a powerful simulation model which is described in detail. The model program code, in PASCAL, is included together with basic input data files. Results revealed in the book show that profitability is highly dependent on both the industrial load management strategies and the structure of the electricity rate. Large savings, stemming from substantial peak load reductions and from the use of bivalent heating systems are revealed.Containing 130 illustrations, 11 tables and an extensive literature review, this book is unique in its emphasis on industry, electric utilities, and industrial load management. The book will be of considerable interest to consultants, educational institutes and industries of all kinds.
目次
Introduction. Power system background. Hypothesis. Aims and intentions. Boundaries and limitations. Background theory. Electricity rates. Industrial load management. Industrial load management definition. Nomenclature. Conversion Factor. Literature on Industrial Load Management. Models. Load Data Acquisition and ILM ``Potentials''. Experiences from Differential Rates in Industry. Industrial Load Management. Industrial Load Management Principles. Bivalent heating systems. Load priority systems. Rescheduling processes or parts of processes. Heat, cool or process media storage. Co-generation. New energy (and power) efficient processes. Manageable Industrial Loads. Transferability of ILM Results and Load Characteristics. Potential for Industrial Load Management in Sweden. Summary of ILM Potential. Industrial Load Management Simulation Model. Model Development Philosophy and Performance Objectives. Load data initiation. Load management and rate specification. Load duration curves. Calculations. Rate adjustment function. Comparing existing rates. Comparing a new rate with an existing rate. Rescheduling of processes or parts of processes. Load priority system operation. Energy storage and cool storage systems. Dual-fuel heating systems. Co-generation. Demand charges. Calculation results. INDSIM model result presentation. Selection of load data from one week. Checking the number of demand values above a demand limit. Industrial Load Management Simulation - Case Studies. The engineering industry. Energy use and load manageability. Simulation results: Metal works. Wire drawing mill. Simulation of industrial load management measures at the wire drawing mill. Active, direct load control in a factory producing commercial refrigeration equipment. Heating Industrial Premises and Tap-Water. Introduction. Variations in Power Requirements for Heating Purposes. Differential Electricity Rates. Heating of Industrial Premises and Tap-Water Production. Influence on Load Duration Curves by Energy-Saving Measures. Use of Energy for Industrial Heating. Purposes in Sweden. Conclusions. Industrial Load Management Application in a Foundry with Electric Furnaces. Summary. Introduction. Defining the Problem. Industrial Load Management. Industrial Load Management Simulation. Combined Load Measurement and Load Management System. Load Management System Installation. Conclusions. Further Work. Literature References. Appendix 1: Use of Electric Power in Industry - Potential for Industrial Load Management. Appendix 2: INDSIM, Industrial Load Management Simulation Model - Computer Code and Necessary Input Data Files. Main program: INDSIM.PAS. Subroutine program: SUBROUT.PAS. Calculation program: CALC.PAS. Necessary data files for the INDSIM model.
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