Numbers through the ages

著者

    • Flegg, Graham

書誌事項

Numbers through the ages

edited by Graham Flegg

Macmillan Education, 1989

  • cased

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内容説明・目次

内容説明

The material of this book originally formed part of the Open University course AM289 History of Mathematics. The book deals with the evolution of the concept of "number", with the representation of numbers by words and symbols and with the basic methods of calculation which have developed from ancient times to the present day. These aspects are of considerable general interest and the text is accessible to the general reader including people who are not mathematically inclined.

目次

  • Part 1 Counting systems: decimal counting
  • primitive counting methods
  • remnants of ancient counting
  • finger and body counting
  • tallies and knots
  • the origin of counting. Part 2 Number words: linguistic principles
  • adjectives and the dual
  • reconstruction of original Indo-European words
  • the origins of "ten", "hundred", "thousand" and "million"
  • remnants of non-decimal number words. Part 3 Written numbers: Egyptian numerals
  • Sumerian and Babylonian numerals
  • Chinese numerals
  • Greek numerals and their derivatives
  • Roman numerals
  • Mayan numerals
  • early Hindu numerals
  • the introduction of place-value in India
  • Hindu numerals and the Arabs
  • Hindu-Arabic numerals in the West. Part 4 Fractions and calculation: natural and unit fractions
  • Egyptian calculation with fractions
  • Babylonian sexagesimal fractions and algebra
  • sexagesimal fractions and astronomy
  • fractions in Ancient Greece, China and India
  • decimal fractions in China and amongst the Arabs and in Western Europe. Part 5 Aids to calculation: the abacus in antiquity
  • the monastic abacus
  • calculation on the lines
  • the Chinese, Japanese and Russian abaci
  • early calculating machines
  • the automatic computer.

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