Medical informatics Berlin 1979 : International Conference on Medical Computing, Berlin, September 17-20, 1979, proceedings

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書誌事項

Medical informatics Berlin 1979 : International Conference on Medical Computing, Berlin, September 17-20, 1979, proceedings

edited by B. Barber ... [et al.]

（Lecture notes in medical informatics, 5）

Springer-Verlag, 1979

  • US
  • wb

タイトル別名

Medical informatics Berlin 1979 : proceedings

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Includes bibliographies and index

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

US ISBN 9780387095493

内容説明

The idea that the microbial communities within the GI tract have a profound influence on general human health actually originated with Russian scientist Elie Metchnikov at the turn of the last century. Also known as the a oefather of immunologya, Metchnikov believed that putrefactive bacteria in the gut were responsible for enhancing the aging process. He theorized that ingestion of healthy bacteria found in fermented foods could counteract toxic bacteria and was the key to good health. His theories concerning good bacteria and health can be found in his treatise a oeThe Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studiesa . These writings prompted Japanese scientist Minoru Shirota to begin investigation of how fermentative bacteria improve health. He succeeded in isolating a strain of Lactobacillus that could survive passage through the intestine, while promoting a healthy balance of microbes. The a oeShirota straina is still used today in the fermented beverage Yakult. It is clear from a commercial standpoint that these ideas have inspired the development of a probiotic industry, which has expanded greatly in the U.S. over the past 5-10 years. Likewise, scientific studies investigating the microbiota and the immune system have increased significantly in recent years. This increase in research is also due to advances in technologies that enable the investigation of large microbial communities, a resurgence in gnotobiotic animal research, and improved methods for molecular analysis of probiotic bacterial species. Our interest in this area stems from our laboratory observations indicating that antibiotics and fungi can skew microbiota composition and systemic immune responses. Our initial baseof references upon which to develop further hypotheses concerning the mechanisms involved in microbiota regulation of immune responses was limited. However, in presenting the research at national scientific meetings and at universities across the country, the feedback and interest were overwhelming. It became clear that a book dedicated to current trends in investigating the GI microbiota was warranted. Dissection of the relationship between the microbiota and the immune system is currently being approached from a variety of angles that we have sought to incorporate into this book. This book opens with two general reference chapters, which provide an overview of current knowledge of gastrointestinal immunology and the commensal microbiology of the gut. Next are two chapters dedicated to current methodologies used to investigate the microbiota and host: molecular analysis of microbial diversity and gnotobiotic research. Both positive and negative interactions between the microbiota and the immune system can take place in the gut, with chapters dedicated to probiotics and intestinal diseases associated with unhealthy microbiota. Environmental factors play an enormous role in shaping the microbiota composition. Host, microbial, and dietary factors take part in a complex interplay, which provides many distinct and diverse research subjects. We have included a chapter discussing diet, functional foods, and prebiotics, which are dietary supplements used to specifically enhance the growth of beneficial members of the microbiota. Several laboratories are investigating how the different members of the microbiota communicate with each other and with the immune system. A chapter reviewing howbacteria sense and respond to signaling compounds in the gut environment provides insight into the signal transduction pathways that mediate interactions between the host and microbiota. A highly detailed and well-investigated model of bacterial-host symbiosis provides an immense amount of background and insight for the developing field of host-microbiota studies. We have included a chapter reviewing the unique interactions that take place in a non-mammalian system, the Squid-Vibrio model. Finally, we close the book with two chapters outlining current hypotheses concerned with redefining our understanding of the relationship between microbes, disease, and the basic mechanisms of immune system function.
巻冊次

wb ISBN 9783540095491

内容説明

The HIB 79 Congress is the second one organized by the European Federation for l-iedical Informatics (EFMI). The host society is the "Deutsche Gesellschaft fur l-ledizinische Dokurnentation, Informatik und Statistik (GMDS) who are holding their 24th annual meeting at this time. The program of MIB 79 covers every aspect of the application of information science to medicine and public health, and as such respresents the state of the art. Medical Informatics (M. I. ) is now at a turning pOint. To date, despite the efforts made by specialists in many countries, the balance sheet of M. I. remains rather poor. One of the reasons for this situation is the fact that the computers of yesterday were the prerogative of an elite of users. They were expensive, difficult to use, remot. e from the users, and mainly in the hands of a sacerdotal caste of data processing speciali sts * In the future, data processing facilities will be cheap, easy to handle, and immediately accessible. Data processing will have a chance of becoming truly democratic thanks to two important and complementary trends in computer technology: 1. a network due to computer communication partnership; 2. miniaturization due to the dramatic expansion of micro-processor and computer technology. IV The combination of these two main hardware achievements for which some neologisms have been invented - "compunication" \ in the USA and "telEnnatique" in France - will lead to a completely new way of processing data which may be called "distributed informatics.

目次

  • Community Health Care.- Session A1
  • Models of Health Care Systems.- Sensitivity analysis in infectious disease control.- Modelling the mental health referral process.- Aspects of prevention and decentralization in health information systems: The case of Italy.- Death and dying: Scaling of death for health status indices.- Session A2: Teaching Medicine and Medical Informatics.- Lernen und Prufen mit dem interaktiven computer-unterstutzten Unterrichtssystem ICUS: Beispiel "Anatomische Propadeutik".- The design of software for computer-assisted instruction, interview and assessment.- A specialized curriculum for medical informatics - review after 6 years of experience.- Educational problems in teaching health informatics to medical students.- Session A3: Privacy.- Constructing guidelines for data protection in health information systems.- Statistical database security: Some recent results.- Datenschutzprobleme in einem Krankenhausinformationssystem.- Improvements of a security system.- Session A4: Performance Evaluation.- An assessment of the use of performance criteria in the evaluation of the NHS experimental computer programme.- Experiences from methods for examining effects of information systems - A case study.- Versuch einer Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse in einem Modellgesundheitsamt.- Kostenanalyse bei Einfuhrung der EDV im klinischen Labor.- Session A5: Epidemiology.- A "case-control analysis within a cohort-study" about malignant lymphomas among rubber and tire industry workers.- A model for the prediction of expected effectiveness of a treatment using experimental data from an on-going preventive trial on CHD.- Ein Programmsystem fur die Analyse von Assoziationsstrukturen.- Die Auswertung der Mutter-Kind-Passe des Jahres 1976 in OEsterreich mittels EDV.- Session A6: Nursing Applications.- A review of nursing systems in the United Kingdom.- A computer system for student nurse allocation during training.- A computer based record system for nursing-learners.- Nurse allocation by computer.- Session A7 General Practice.- General-practice history-taking by computer: A "psychotropic" effect.- A modular integrated medical record for general practice.- Kosten-Nutzen-Effekte des EDV-Einsatzes in der Arztpraxis - Zwischenergebnisse aus dem Demonstrationsvorhaben DOMINIG II.- Results of a field test of computers for the private practice.- Session A8: Administrative Systems.- Probleme in der Entwicklung und Einrichtung von Verwaltungssystemen.- Das Goettinger Material-Versorgungs-System - Betriebsablaufsteuerung per Dialog.- Krebsnachsorge mit rechnergestutztem System.- Computer aided ambulance scheduling.- Impact of Informatics on Therapeutic Decision.- Session B1: Monitoring.- Real time computer based electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring in CCU.- The use of computers in open-heart surgery.- Computer support of therapy in intensive care.- A clinical and research oriented computerized patients monitoring system.- Session B2
  • Signal Processing.- Ein Programmsystem zur automatischen Auswertung und Befundung von Elektronystagmogrammen.- Untersuchungen zur Reliabilitat von Musterer-kennungs-Algorithmen fur die P-Wellen orthogonaler Elektrokardiogramme.- Automatic parametrization of the rhythmocardiogram in orthoclinostatic tests.- Usefulness of a small computer system in the analysis and the report of echocardiographic data.- Session B3: Laboratory.- What about "turn key systems" for clinical laboratories?.- Table driven and optical mark reading systems for clinical and laboratory applications.- Computer monitoring of haemophilic bleeds and their treatment.- Elimination of systematic variance in laboratory measurements and the P-value: A method for reporting laboratory results.- Session B4: Image Processing.- Advanced hardware and software tools for analysis of multitemporal images in a clinical environment.- The high resolution measurement and display of blood dynamics in organs such as the kidney and the liver by computer angiography.- A morphological approach to the study of regional left ventricular wall motion by means of a polygonal approximation method.- Computer aid to stereotaxic neurosurgery.- Session B5: Papers of Special Interest.- CLINFO: A study of data management and analysis in clinical research.- A review of educational applications of a series of four models of circulation, respiration, body fluids and electrolytes, and drug absorption and distribution.- Methods for examining the effects of information systems. A frame of reference.- An operational slow scan telemedicine system in a remote area.- Session B6
  • Computer Tomography and Radiotherapy.- Processing and representation of computed tomograms.- Computed tomography and three-dimensional planning in radiotherapy.- Computers in radiotherapy planning.- Session B7
  • Toxicology Databases and Drug Monitoring.- Die Integration eines on-line-Medikamentensystems in den klinischen Ablauf und die Dokumentation an den Universitatskliniken Goettingen.- Ein Verfahren zur Arzneimitteluberwachung nach ihrer Zulassung.- A tool for the evaluation of experimental data: INSERM data base in toxicology.- Session B8: resources and Planning.- Siting of regional specialties.- EDV-gestutzte Patientensteuerung und Bettenbedarfsplanung bei Anschlussheil-behandlungen in der BfA.- A report on the organisation of a sectorised system for psychiatric care. First empirical results.- Medical Informatics - Methodology and Technology.- Session C1: Databases.- Medical consultation via telebrowsing.- Integrity problems within a database- supported patient information system.- KIRON: A computer-assisted method for the management and the analysis of clinical data in the diagnosis of erythroid disorders.- Storage structure in a large database and an approach to multi-organisation usage.- Session C2: Data Presentation.- Datengesteuerte ArztbriefSchreibung im Tumorzentrum Heidelberg/Mannheim.- Implementation of a relational data base system on top of a commercial DBMS.- Easy generation of medical data forms.- On the construction of optimum categories in biomedical data recognition problems.- Session C3: Medical Methodology - I.- Entscheidbarkeitsverlust durch frequentistische Diagnosemodelle.- Principal component analysis on distribution-free variables.- Computer-assisted evaluation by multivariate reference region and cluster analysis as applied to serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin.- On the adverse effect of increasing the number of binary symptoms in medical diagnosis using the Kernel method.- Session C4: Medical Methodology - II.- Computer diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.- A method of determination of linear symptom combinations, applied to differential diagnosis between cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.- Pfadfindung in einer Datenbank durch schrittweise Kombination von Merkmalen.- A computerized laboratory for a systemic approach to relational psychotherapy.- Session C5: Microcomputer Applications.- Review of microcomputer applications in medicine.- MICKIE - Experiences in taking histories from patients using a microprocessor.- Clinical application of a microprocessor in the surgical environment 72.- A microcomputer-based workstation for clinical chemical laboratories.- Session C6: Medical Research.- Kriterien fur die Auswahl von elektronischen Rechenanlagen fur biomedizinische Forschungsinstitute.- Digitale Simulation zur Auswertung von nuklearmedizinischen Messungen am Jodstoffwechsel.- Statistical comparison of two anaesthetic techniques through patients recovery.- Digital standard MUMPS as a research tool for clinical oncology.- Session C7: Networks.- Interfaces in a computer network for the medical schools in Bavaria.- An on-line hospital information system.- Viewdata and its application to medical informatics.- Session C8: Text Processing.- Experience of automatic coding of histopathology diagnoses.- Analytical or algorithmic text processing in literature information systems.- The writing of medical reports and documentation of findings at DOMINIG II.- Automatische Schreibfehlerkorrektur in medizinischen Texten.- Darstellungsmittel der naturlichsprachlichen Kommunikation im Krankenhausinformationssystem.- Session C9: Document Retrieval.- Structural considerations for the encoding of medical data: A formalism for medicine.- HECLINET - Specialized international documentation for the hospital care.- Ein Dokumentationssystem fur die Gesunaheitssystemforschung.- Focal points and tendencies of cancer research. Bibliometric evaluations of the oncological world literature of the past ten years.- Session C10
  • Software Design.- A tool for design and development of medical data processing systems.- The patient master record database. A compromise in software design with respect to the trade-off between data independence and performance.- Lessons from six years of using an interpretive language on a mini computer to run a hospital inpatient management system.- A software package for a serum bank management.- Keynote Addresses.- Information, entropy and evolution.- Evaluation of computer systems in medicine.- Methodological limitations in the analysis of medical activities.- Euronet DIANE and the development of European data bases.- Medical informatics - fiction or reality?.- Index of Authors.

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