Biological applications of liquid scintillation counting
著者
書誌事項
Biological applications of liquid scintillation counting
Academic Press, 1974
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注記
Based on lectures given at the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology
Includes bibliographical references
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Biological Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting, based on a series of lectures given at the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, discusses the various biological applications of liquid scintillation counting and presents its principles in a manner that is simple, practical, and useful. This book explains the fundamentals of scintillators and the scintillation process, from sample preparation to testing and setting up a counter and the application of radiotracers. This text is organized into six chapters and begins with a historical overview of liquid scintillation counting, emphasizing two major events that stimulated its development: the discovery of organic compounds called ""scintillators"" and the introduction of photomultiplier tubes. This book considers the factors that affect the performance of photomultiplier tubes, including temperature and magnetic fields, and the use of liquid scintillation counting to measure radioactivity. The discussion then shifts to the factors that must be taken into account when choosing a method for preparing samples, including the physical and chemical characteristics of the sample, the isotope or isotopes of the sample, and the anticipated level of radioactivity. The following chapters look at the general considerations when installing a liquid scintillation counter, procedures for applying radiotracers, and practical aspects of sample preparation. This book is intended for physicists and experimental biologists.
目次
Preface1 Introduction Text References2 Principles of Liquid Scintillation Counting Scintillators and the Scintillation Process Photomultiplier Tubes The Single-Tube Liquid Scintillation Counter The Two-Tube Liquid Scintillation Counter The Beta Spectrum Pulse Height Analysis Balance Point Counting Double-Isotope Analysis Quenching Efficiency Determination Lesser Pulse Height Analysis Figure of Merit Logarithmic Logic Counters Automation and Data Processing References3 General Considerations of Sample Preparation Scintillators Secondary Scintillators Solvents Counting Solutions Counting Vials Sources of Background Counts Counting in Solution Emulsion Counting Measurement of 14CO2 Combustion Techniques Automated Combustion Apparatus Spark Combustion Suspension Counting Counting on a Support Medium Cerenkov Counting References4 Testing and Setting up a New Counter General Considerations Testing Counters Based on Linear Pulse Height Analysis Testing Counters Based on Logarithmic Pulse Height Analysis Plug-In Discriminators The Chi-Square Test and Determination of Counter Stability Determination of Counting Efficiency Efficiency Determination in Heterogeneous Counting Systems Curve Fitting Counting Statistics Automated Techniques for Sampling Counting Efficiency Determination References5 Basic Principles of the Application of Radiotracers Isotope Dilution Derivative Analysis Using a Radioactive Reagent Double-Isotope Derivative Analysis Radiochemical Saturation Analysis Saturation Analysis Applied to Biological Systems Evaluation of a Radioimmunoassay Counting Gamma Emitters by Liquid Scintillation Counting Enzyme-Isotope Dilution Analysis Radioenzymatic Assays References6 Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation Tissues Blood Urine Plasma Water Proteins Amino Acids Lipids Carbohydrates Steroids Bacteria Nucleic Acids 14CO2 from a Warburg Flask Nonautomatic Combustion Techniques Polyacrylamide Gels Miscellaneous ReferencesAppendix Licensing Requirement Some Useful Formulas How to Make up a Radioactive Solution to the Desired Specific Activity Decontamination of Glass Counting Vials and Radioactive Glassware Precision of Fixed-Time versus Fixed-Count Measurement ReferencesIndex
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